《山东外语教学》2022年第5期摘要一览- 21英语教师网

【摘要】任文教授是北京外国语大学高级翻译学院院长、博士生导师、博士后合作导师；北外翻译硕士专业学位教育专家委员会主任委员、国家翻译能力研究中心主任；国际大学翻译学院联合会(CIUTI)副主席；第四届全国翻译专业学位研究生教育指导委员会副主任委员。她主持在研或已结项的国家社科项目、教育部人文社科项目、省级哲学社科规划重点项目等近20项。她主持了《习近平总书记教育重要论述讲义》的英译，率先在北外高级翻译学院开设“翻译与国际传播”专硕方向。本次访谈中，她谈到国际传播视阈下翻译与传播的关系、翻译人才的能力要素和高端翻译人才的培养，并对翻译人才培养模式提出了建议与展望。

【关键词】国际传播视阈；翻译与传播；翻译人才；培养模式

The Constructs and Development of Translation Professionals’ Competencies
from an Interdisciplinary Perspective: An Interview with Professor Ren Wen

REN Wen1, JIANG Lihua2

( 1. Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing 100089, China; 2. Foreign Studies College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410001, China )

Abstract: Professor Ren Wen is the Dean of The Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation of Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU), Ph. D. supervisor and post-doctoral mentor, director of MTI Expert Committee of BFSU and director of BFSU Research Centre for Country-specific Translation and Interpretation Capacity (RECTIC). She is also Vice President of CIUTI, Deputy Director of the China National Committee for Translation and Interpreting Education. She has undertaken around 20 research projects at the national, ministerial and provincial levels. She is the chief translator of the English version of Understanding Xi Jinping’ s Educational Philosophy and pioneers the master degree program of “Translation and International Communication” at BFSU. In this interview, she elaborates on the differences and similarities between translation and communication, the constructs of translation professionals’ competencies from an interdisciplinary perspective, and puts forward suggestions for the development of such competencies.

Keywords: international communication; translation and international communication; translation professionals; training model

语言研究 “社会语言学”专题

主持人：田海龙

自20世纪后半叶以来，语言学家不满足索绪尔和乔姆斯基的语言研究，将语言学的研究内容拓展到语言本体之外，如关注语言的应用、语言的社会功能、语言赖以运用的语境、与语言运用相关的心理认知机制，以及语言运用中所体现的不同意识形态，等等。研究兴趣的转向也催生了名目繁多的“语言学”，如应用语言学、功能语言学、社会语言学、心理语言学、认知语言学和批评语言学等，更不用说不带“语言学”标签但也属于语言学范畴的语用学、会话分析、话语分析和语言人类学。各种理论和学派从跨学科研究的范式中得到滋润,并在提倡跨学科研究的新文科环境中吸收养分，在研究课题不断涌现的新时代创新发展，已然将语言学领域装扮成了一座漂亮的大花园。

在语言学的百花园中，社会语言学绚丽多娇,引无数学人竞折腰。国内的学者，如陈原、罗常培，国外的如拉波夫、甘柏兹、海姆斯，都对社会语言学研究做出了开创性的贡献。至于后来者，更是数量众多，难以一一提及。感谢《山东外语教学》开辟专栏，刊发三篇观点新颖、富有创意的社会语言学最新成果的研究论文，为社会语言学这簇鲜艳的花束增添新的光彩。

“‘语言’与‘社会’的互融：社会语言学的核心课题与理论聚焦”在梳理社会语言学经典和前沿文献的基础上，对传统社会语言学关于“宏观”与“微观”、“社会”与“语言”之分的观点提出质疑，指出社会语言学尽管有多种多样的研究课题，但融语言与社会为一体的 “语言实践”已成为社会语言学当前的核心课题，它既“宏观”也“微观”，是社会语言学理论创新的聚焦点。在这方面，社会语言学已围绕“语言意识形态”发展出一套新的概念体系，为进一步实现理论创新奠定了基础。

“方言接触与语言演变———从特鲁吉尔到柯斯威尔”讨论了“语言变异”这一社会语言学研究课题在英国的研究传统和最新发展。作为英国变异研究的开创者，特鲁吉尔通过研究不同方言说话者之间的接触引起的各种语言演变，提出方言接触理论。以柯斯威尔为代表的社会语言学家，通过对英国新兴城镇人口变化及其带来的方言接触进行研究, 揭示出新方言得以形成的动因，将方言接触理论发展到一个新阶段，为我们研究国内因人口流动而产生的语言接触及其新方言的产生提供了有价值的理论借鉴。

“自然会话叙事中身份构建的指向过程研究”将讨论的中心转向自然会话叙事，阐释了社会语言学最新理论所关注的身份如何在叙事过程中建构。文章借助“指向性”等概念，通过案例研究，发现叙述者在叙事过程中建构身份需要综合调用多种指向符号，同时要在会话中充分调动认知推理过程，聚焦特定的语言意识形态。对于研究者而言，如果要认识这一建构过程，则需要从交际参与者的视角出发，结合语言符号的语境化过程进行推理，进而判断何种身份在交际中被语言资源明显地指向出来。

01

“语言”与“社会”的互融：社会语言学的核心课题与理论聚焦

田海龙

（山东师范大学外国语学院, 山东济南 250358）

【摘要】社会语言学长久以来被认为是研究语言与社会二者之间关系的学问，然而，这种预设出“语言”与“社会”彼此分离而独立存在的观点在21世纪的社会语言学和语言人类学研究中受到质疑。本文通过梳理社会语言学经典和前沿文献，发现社会语言学已经将“语言”与“社会”互融为一个整体进行研究，而将二者融为一体的“胶粘剂”则是“语言意识形态”概念，以及后续发展出的一套新概念和新理论。文章详细阐述这一研究发现过程，认为“语言”与“社会”互融为一体并作为社会语言学核心课题，对认识社会语言学的理论焦点和进行社会语言学理论创新具有启示和意义。

【关键词】语言；社会；语言意识形态；社会语言学；新焦点

Integration of “Language” and “Society”: A New Focus of Sociolinguistic Research and Theorization

TIAN Hailong

( School of Foreign Languages, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China )

Abstract: Sociolinguistics has long been conceptualized as a disciplinary study of the relation between language and society, but this conceptualization has been challenged in the 21st sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology for having taken “language” and “society” as separated. In reviewing seminal and edge-cutting literature, this article takes on the proposition of sociolinguistics that “language” and “society” be integrated into a whole of linguistic action, the “glue” of which is “ language ideology” and the set of recently developed concepts and theories. This new proposition of sociolinguistics is discussed in terms of its emergence and development, so are the implications for the sociolinguistic innovations to be brought about by this new focus of sociolinguistic research and theorization.

Keywords: language; society; language ideology; sociolinguistics; new focus

方言接触与语言演变
——从特鲁吉尔到柯斯威尔

李素琼

（湘潭大学外国语学院, 湖南湘潭 411105）

【摘要】社会语言学研究的一个主要目标是语言变化与社会因素之间的关系及其影响的相关性，以Trudgill和Kerswill为代表的变异社会语言学，或称语言变异与变化，是英国社会语言学研究主流，特色是方言接触引起的语言演变，尤其是城市移民语言演变及新方言形成。英国变异研究始于Trudgill提出的方言接触理论，也是英国社会语言学最初十几年的核心研究内容。从20世纪90年代初开始，以Kerswill为代表的学者进一步推动了方言接触与语言演变研究发展，他提出的“巢居”言语社区概念和方言接触模型标志着变异研究发展新阶段。英国社会语言学研究不仅给我们提供了理论和方法指导，也给我们带来了启示。

【关键词】变异社会语言学；方言接触；城市移民；语言演变；新方言形成

Dialect Contact and Language Change: From Trudgill to Kerswill

LI Suqiong

( Faculty of Foreign Languages, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China )

Abstract: One of the main objectives of sociolinguistic research is the correlation between language change and social factors and their influences. Variationist Sociolinguistics, or Language Variation & Change (LVC), represented by Peter Trudgill and Paul Kerswill, has been the mainstream of British sociolinguistics. Its distinctiveness is contact-induced dialect changes, especially changes resulting from urban migration and new dialect formation. The study of UKLVC began with the Dialect Contact Theory proposed by Trudgill, which was the core of the first decade of the UK sociolinguistics research. Since the early 1990s, scholars represented by Kerswill have further promoted the development of the studies of dialect contact and language change. The concept of “nested” Speech Community and Dialect Contact Model proposed by Kerswill marked a new stage in the development of LVC. The study of British sociolinguistics not only provides us with theoretical and methodological guidance, but also brings us enlightenment.

Keywords: Variationist sociolinguistics; dialect contact; urban migration; language change; new dialect

03

自然会话叙事中身份建构的指向过程研究

兰良平

（浙江师范大学外国语学院, 浙江金华 321004）

【摘要】近年来社会文化语言学认为，身份是在社会互动中建构的，话语和身份之间不是相关关系，而是指向关系。但是，对于自然会话叙事这种特殊的语类来说，身份的指向过程有待进一步深究。本文在批判评估指向关系理论的基础上，基于作者以往对叙事定位理论的研究，提出自然会话叙事中指向过程研究的概念模式，包括故事世界中的语符映射过程，叙述情景中的会话推理过程，多种宏大叙事中的语境化过程。其中，交际者的会话推理过程起着连接其它两者的重要作用。最后，文章建议，使用会话分析和民族志的研究方法，融合现象学的释义循环过程十分重要。

【关键词】指向过程；会话叙事；社会身份；语境化过程

Exploring the Indexical Process of Identity Construction
within Naturally Occurring Conversational Narratives

LAN Liangping

( School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China )

Abstract: Sociocultural linguists claim that identity is constructed through social interactions, and the relationship between discourse and identity is not correlational but indexical. However, the indexical processes within the special genre of naturally occurring conversational narratives are yet to be explored. Based on critical review of studies on indexicality and prior works on narrative positioning, this study presents a conceptual model of indexical processes within conversational narratives, which contains indexical mapping in narrative world, conversational inference in narrating situation, and contextualizing process within diverse master narratives, among which conversational inference bridges the gap between the other two levels. Finally, it points out the significance of combining the methods of conversation analysis and ethnography, integrating hermeneutic circle within a phenomenological approach.

Keywords: indexical process; natural conversational narrative; social identity; contextualization process

教学研究“二语写作研究”专题

主持人按语：王俊菊

写作在交流中具有不可或缺性，而外语写作能力是外语人才的核心竞争力。新时代背景下，外语写作承载着对外传播的时代新功能，在提升国际传播力、传播中国声音方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，二语写作教学及研究具有重要的时代意义和广阔的发展空间。

21世纪的国内外二语写作研究呈现出交叉融合的走向，越来越多的研究开始超越传统的单学科研究范式，通过学习、借鉴、应用不同学科的理论视角和研究方法，针对二语写作领域的不同维度开展整合性研究，衍生出新的研究热点，传统的概念得以重塑，新视角、新理论、新方法不断涌现。

近年来，国内二语写作研究方兴未艾，每年超过千篇的学术成果在各类期刊上发表，积极反哺教学，为提高二语写作教学和人才培养质量做出了重要贡献。本期“二语写作研究”专题所刊登的三篇论文较好地反映了新形势下外语写作研究的新发展趋势。其中，晏胜的“亚洲英语学习者与英语母语者同题写作句法复杂度对比研究” 聚焦句法复杂度，将研究视野延展到亚洲学生和英语母语者的同题作文对比，发现了亚洲不同地区的外语学习者在句法复杂度方面所呈现出的指标差异以及多样性变化。裘莹莹的“中美大学生跨洋互动写作回评类型对比研究”则从写作教学中的同伴互动入手，结合在线讨论、反思日志和后续访谈等手段，比较了跨洋互动写作中的中美作者在回评类型方面的异同及其原因。陶娜和王颖的“外语写作任务复杂度对语言形式注意和修改效果的研究”聚焦任务复杂度这一热点话题，通过有声思维、写作文本和访谈等手段，探讨了资源导向型任务复杂度对外语写作过程中语言形式注意和修改的影响。

上述研究成果聚焦外语写作能力的培养,分别关注了句法复杂度、同伴互评和任务复杂度，涉及写作过程、作文质量以及调节因素等交叉前沿领域的话题。三篇论文的作者均扎根课堂和教学一线开展研究，视角各异，方法多元，研究结果对进一步开展写作研究和优化写作教学成效具有重要的启示意义，值得一读。

（作者单位：山东大学外国语学院）

01

亚洲英语学习者与英语母语者同题写作句法复杂度对比研究

晏胜

（华中师范大学外国语学院, 武汉 430079）

【摘要】本研究调查亚洲地区英语学习者和英语母语者同题作文句法复杂度的异同。作文数据来自亚洲英语学习者语料库网络(The International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English, ICNALE) ，包括400份英语母语者的作文和1000份来自亚洲10个不同国家和地区英语学习者的作文。研究使用二语句法复杂度分析器(L2SCA)计算文本14项句法复杂度指标值。当学习者整体和母语者对比时,有12项指标值显著低于母语者；当不同国家和地区学习者和母语者单独对比时，指标差异呈多样性变化。研究结果对二语写作教学和研究及学习者文本母语自动识别具有一定的意义。

【关键词】句法复杂度；亚洲英语学习者；句法复杂度分析器；学习者母语

A Comparative Study on the Syntactic Complexity of the Same-topic Writings
Between Asian English Learners and Native English Speakers

YAN Sheng

( School of Foreign Languages, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China )

Abstract: This study investigates the similarities and differences in the syntactic complexity of the same-topic writings between English learners in Asia and native English speakers. The writing data comes from The International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE), including 400 essays by native English speakers and 1,000 essays by English learners from 10 different regions and countries in Asia. Second Language Syntactic Complexity Analyzer (L2SCA) is used to calculate the values of the 14 syntactic complexity indicators for the writings. When all the English learners as a group are compared with native English speakers, 12 indicators are significantly lower than those of native speakers; when English learners from different regions and countries are compared with native speakers separately, the indicators show diversified changes. The study has implications for the L2 writing teaching and research and the automatic recognition of native languages through learners’ writings.

Keywords: syntactic complexity; Asian English learners; L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer; learners’ native language

02

中美大学生跨洋互动写作回评类型对比研究

裘莹莹

（淮阴工学院外国语学院, 淮安江苏 223001）

【摘要】写作同伴互动是作者与同伴之间进行的多向的、动态的协作过程。相较于同伴反馈得到的广泛关注，作者对同伴反馈的回评却未受到重视。本文结合在线讨论、反思日志和后续访谈，对比跨洋互动写作中的中美作者回评类型的异同并探究其原因。数据分析显示：（1）中美回评类型具有一致性，都包括接受性反馈、模糊性反馈和不接受性反馈三种类型，其中模糊性反馈的数量居多；（2）中美回评遵循 “接受性反馈→模糊性反馈”的模式；（3）中美回评子类的出现频次存在显著性差异。定性分析表明，中美回评受中美教育理念、中美同伴反馈类型以及本族语者和非本族语者的写作目的等因素影响。

【关键词】同伴反馈；回评；中美教育理念；跨洋互动写作

A Contrastive Study of Sino-US College Students’ Back-review Types
in Cross-Pacific Exchange Writing

QIU Yingying

( Faculty of Foreign Languages, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223001, China )

Abstract: Peer interaction in writing is a multidirectional and dynamic collaborative process between writers and their peers. Compared with the extensive research on peer feedback, few studies have examined how authors give back reviews to peer feedback. Based on the data from online discussions, reflective journals and follow-up interviews, this paper contrasted the commonalities and differences of Sino-US college students’ back-review types and explored the factors that meditated their back reviews in Cross-Pacific Exchange Writing. The statistical analysis revealed that: (1) the types of Sino-US back reviews were consistent, which included acceptable feedback, fuzzy feedback, and non-acceptable feedback, and the number of fuzzy feedbacks was the largest; (2) Sino-US back reviews both followed the pattern of “acceptable feedback → fuzzy feedback”; (3) the frequencies of their subcategories showed significant differences. The qualitative analysis showed that Sino-US back reviews were mediated by the ideologies of Sino-US education, the types of Sino-US peer feedback, and the writing purposes of native and non-native speakers.

Keywords: peer feedback; back review; ideology of Sino-US education; Cross-Pacific Exchange Writing

03

外语写作任务复杂度对语言形式注意和修改效果的研究

陶娜1 王颖2

（1. 山东师范大学外国语学院/ 山东大学外国语学院, 山东济南 250358; 2. 山东大学外国语学院, 山东济南 250100）

【摘要】任务复杂度是二语写作研究的热点话题。通过对学生的有声思维、写作文本和访谈的分析，本研究探讨了资源导向型任务复杂度对外语写作过程中语言形式注意和修改的影响。结果显示，当任务复杂度沿着资源导向维度增加时，学习者对任务难度的感知更强。在完成复杂任务过程中，学习者的信心下降，动力不足。任务复杂度不仅影响到学习者语言形式注意的数量，也影响到语言形式注意的质量。但任务复杂度对学习者反馈吸收的影响并不显著。本研究结果为“认知假说”提供了一定的支持，对外语写作教学有一定的启示意义。

【关键词】任务复杂度；语言形式注意；语言形式片段；吸收；修改

Effects of Task Complexity on Learners’ Focus on Form and Revision in EFL Writing

TAO Na1 WANG Ying2

( 1. School of Foreign Languages, Shandong Normal University / School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan 250358, China; 2. School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China )

Abstract: Task complexity has attracted growing attention in the field of second language writing. By analyzing the students’ think-aloud protocols, different drafts and interviews, the present study investigated how task complexity manipulated along the resource-directing dimension affected EFL learners’ focus on form in their writing process and revision. The results showed that task complexity significantly affected learners’ perceptions of task difficulty. Learners felt less confident and less motivated in completing the complex task. Task complexity not only affected the quantity of learners’ focus on form in their writing process, but also influenced the quality of learners’ focus on form. However, learners’ uptake of the relevant feedback did not show any significant change in the tasks of different complexity. The findings partially support Cognition Hypothesis and have some implications for EFL writing pedagogy.

Keywords: task complexity; focus on form; language-related episode; uptake; revision

国家社科基金重大招标课题专栏 “英国文学的命运共同体表征与审美研究”专题

主持人按语：李维屏

英国千余年的文学历史表明，共同体是历代作家文学想象的重要客体，也是繁衍最久、书写最多、内涵最丰富的题材之一。在英国文学史上，共同体思想与文学想象如影随形，相辅而行。事实上，英国作家对共同体的美学再现几乎贯穿其社会与文学发展的全过程。如果说英国文学生动反映了各个时期社会主体的境遇和命运，那么其精彩纷呈的共同体形塑当属世界文学之林中的一大景观。然而，文学中的命运共同体在本质上毕竟是某种虚构的文学世界，与现实世界和历史进程中的共同体不可相提并论。它所反映的是在特定历史语境中作家对过去、当下或未来某种共同体的深切关注与文学想象。因此，研究文学中的共同体表征应该深度引入具有不同创作观念和审美取向的作家所生活的时代和社会场域，包括特定的历史语境、意识形态、文化氛围和地理环境等外在于文本的因素，同时还应考量作家在书写共同体过程中的美学选择与各种外在于文本的因素之间的双向互动关系。就英国文学的命运共同体研究而言，研究对象已经从以往哲学、政治学和社会学视阈下的共同体转向了文学作品中命运共同体的美学再现及其审美接受。毫无疑问，这种变化不仅能拓展共同体研究已有的理论范畴，也有助于建构与深化相关文学批评话语体系。

近年来，我国学者对外国文学中共同体的审美研究取得了长足发展，相关课题在各类社科基金立项名单上屡见不鲜。从某种意义上说，命运共同体的审美研究已经成为我国文学批评界的一门“显学”。这一现象表明，学者们不仅认为文学的确为我们提供了大量生动逼真的共同体案例，而且也相信对文学中共同体书写的深度研究具有学术意义和理论价值。本期专门设立学术栏目“英国文学的命运共同体表征与审美研究”，这无疑是对“构建人类命运共同体”理念的积极呼应，也为我国当前方兴未艾的共同体研究提供了一个不可多得的学术平台。栏目的四篇文章都是笔者主持的国家社科基金重大项目的阶段性成果。四位学者分别探讨了麦克莱伦、休斯、劳伦斯和韦斯特四位英国作家的共同体文学想象，揭示了其作品中共同体的性质，艺术特征、社会意义和美学价值，充分体现了中国学者的独特见解与学术自信。在笔者看来，中国学者以一个具有连贯传统和典型意义的国族文学为研究对象，深入探讨其命运共同体书写，既是对文学批评实践性的发扬，也是对以往哲学、政治学和社会学共同体研究领域的有力补充与拓展。

（作者单位：上海外国语大学）

01

苏格兰的神话：伊恩·麦克莱伦小说中的乡村共同体

王卫新

（上海对外经贸大学国际商务外语学院，上海 201620）

【摘要】共同体是苏格兰小说的中心主题，而真正如诗如画地书写了苏格兰共同体的是菜园派小说的代表人物伊恩·麦克莱伦。小说《在美丽的野蔷薇丛旁》(1894)和《旧日好光》(1895)建构了一种以可塑之才和平等主义教育为轴心、以牧师兼教师为核心、强调共同体中个体“良心”的理想化的苏格兰共同体。共同体和乡村之间存在一种绑定的关系。可塑之才和平等主义教育是苏格兰民族的文化资本，是维多利亚时代苏格兰性的重要标志。

【关键词】菜园派；“可塑之才”；“牧师兼教师”；乡村共同体；苏格兰

The Scottish Myth: Rural Community in lan Maclaren’s Fiction

WANG Weixin

(College of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai 201620, China )

Abstract: Community is the central theme of the Scottish novel. It is Ian Maclaren, the spokesman of Kailyarders, who offers an idealized version of the Scottish community. In such novels as Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush (1894) and The Days of Auld Langsyne (1895), Maclaren endeavors to build an idealized Scottish community, in which the “lad o’ pairts” and egalitarian education serve as the axis, and the “dominie” serves as the leader, together with the emphasis on the individual’ s conscience within the community. The community and the village are cohesive. The “lad o’ pairts” and egalitarian education are the cultural capital of the Scottish nation. They are the hallmark of Scottishness in Victorian Scotland.

Keywords: Kailyard; “lad o’pairts”; “dominie”; rural community; Scotland

02

动物的凝视：“人类世”语境下特德·休斯的共同体想象

王改娣严云霞

（华东师范大学外语学院，上海 200241）

【摘要】传统人类中心主义思想中，人类占据主导地位，动物被视为他者。在现当代文学作品中，人类与自然的对话经历了破碎和重构的过程。英国诗人特德·休斯发挥文学想象来书写动物，阐释了人类世语境下动物话语对人类自我身份构建的作用。通过四重视象的动物转向与动物神启下的共同体想象，休斯对人类自我存在与大自然的协同共生进行了形而上的哲学思辨。休斯尝试以更全面的视角审视人类社会发展中的生态伦理矛盾，试图弥合人与动物之间的裂痕，实现人与自然的和谐共融。这种诗意的思考体现了诗人独特的诗歌审美价值观和生态伦理观。

【关键词】特德·休斯；动物凝视；人类世；共同体想象

Animal’s Gaze: Ted Hughes’s Community Imagination in the Anthropocene

WANG Gaidi YAN Yunxia

( School of Foreign Languages, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China )

Abstract: In traditional anthropocentrism, humans are dominant and animals are regarded as “ the other”. In modern and contemporary literary works, the dialogue between human beings and nature has undergone a process of breaking down and reconstruction. Ted Hughes, the contemporary British poet, expounds the role of the animal discourse in the construction of human beings’ identity in the Anthropocene by his animal writing through his literary imagination. With the animal turn in the fourfold vision and the community imagination divinely inspired by animals, Hughes makes metaphysical as well as philosophical reflections upon the coexistence between human beings and nature. Hughes examines the conflicts of ecological ethics in the development of human society from a more comprehensive perspective, and tries to bridge the gap between man and animals, to achieve the harmony and integration between man and nature. These poetic reflections embody his unique aesthetic and ethical approach to poetry and ecology.

Keywords: Ted Hughes; animal’s gaze; Anthropocene; community imagination

03

《儿子与情人》中的工人阶级共同体

程心

（上海外国语大学英语学院，上海 201620）

【摘要】本文运用文化批评中“共同体”的概念分析《儿子与情人》中的工人阶级群体的独特文化。本文认为，小说中莫瑞尔一家的悲剧根源在于家庭成员对于共同体认识的差异与冲突。劳伦斯一方面批评了莫瑞尔夫人在阶级框架内“超越”共同体的企图，肯定了共同体“集体” “团结”的正面意义；另一方面，通过保罗的艺术追求，劳伦斯提供了一种“超越”共同体狭隘之处、又能保留共同体认同感的道路。

【关键词】共同体；《儿子与情人》；D. H. 劳伦斯；工人阶级

The Working-Class Community in Sons and Lovers

CHENG Xin

(School of English Studies, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China)

Abstract: Adopting the concept of “community” in cultural studies, this paper analyzes the unique culture of working-class society in Sons and Lovers. It argues that the tragedy of the Morels is rooted in the differences and conflicts among family members’ understanding of community. On the one hand, Lawrence criticizes Mrs. Morel’s attempts to “transcend” the community within the framework of class, and affirms the positive meaning of the “collectivity” and “ solidarity” of the working-class community. On the other hand, through Paul’ s artistic pursuit, Lawrence offers a way to “transcend” the narrowness of community while retaining the sense of communal identity.

Keywords: community; Sons and Lovers; D.H.Lawrence; working class

挪用“弹震症” :《士兵的回归》中的失忆、怀旧与共同体难题

程汇涓

（上海外国语大学国际工商管理学院，上海 201600）

【摘要】英国小说家丽贝卡·韦斯特的《士兵的回归》是最早将罹患弹震症的士兵形象引入虚构创作的尝试之一，但小说男主人公的弹震症表现却与军医的医学经验有明显错位。韦斯特挪用弹震症内含的休克元素，把它与失忆故事的素材嫁接，用记忆丧失的形式召唤田园怀旧，反思现代场景下基于怀旧的情感团结和共同体冲动。文本中不和谐的细节暴露出田园怀旧美学中隐含的共同体难题：可消费的共同体验看似美妙，却遮蔽了复杂的现实；它不仅在倒退中将过去的秩序理想化，甚至可能使当下的强烈情绪裹挟某种仅存在于表面的共识。因此共同体的建构不能脱离现实之域。

【关键词】丽贝卡·韦斯特；《士兵的回归》；弹震症；田园怀旧；共同体

Appropriating “Shell Shock”: Amnesia, Nostalgia and the Conundrum of Community in The Return of the Soldier

CHENG Huijuan

(School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201600, China)

Abstract: British novelist Rebecca West’ s The Return of the Soldier is one of the first attempts to bring the image of a shell-shocked soldier into fictional writing. However, the protagonist’s syndrome is apparently misaligned with the medical observations provided by the Amy physicians. West appropriates the element of “shock” in the condition and grafts it onto an original story of amnesia that she has read in a medical journal. In this way, the text summons pastoral nostalgia in the form of memory loss, and reflects on the emotional solidarity and community impulses rooted in “ nostalgia” in the modern scenes. The incongruous details in the novel expose the community conundrum hidden beneath the aesthetics of pastoral nostalgia: the detachment from objectivity and the seemingly pleasant and consumable common experience can only obscure the complexity of reality, resulting in a consensus tainted by the retrogressive idealization of the past order.

Keywords: Rebecca West; The Return of the Soldier; shell shock; pastoral nostalgia; community

翻译研究

汉译组构鲜明生动性优化原则

黄忠廉

（广东外语外贸大学翻译学研究中心，广东广州 510420）

【摘要】全译因准确之后求鲜明，因鲜明进而求生动。鲜明生动的文字往往富于创造性、想象力和表现力，或有新发现，或有新见解。鲜明生动的汉译要求多用动词，以求绘声、绘色和绘态；如实传达原文的超常搭配;讲究句式多样，发挥汉语句式优势；传达原文的修辞，彰显翻译同义选择。通过不断修改，汉译可增加鲜明性与生动性。

【关键词】汉译组构；鲜明性；生动性；优化

On the Principle of Optimizing Brightness and Vividness
in the Chinese Translation Composition

HUANG Zhonglian

(Center for Translation Studies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China )

Abstract: In full translation, accuracy is followed by brightness, and brightness by vividness. Vivid words are full of creativity, imagination and expression. They feature either new discoveries or new insights. Accordingly, bright and vivid Chinese translation requires the use of verbs to reproduce voice, color and state, necessitates faithful conveyance of the original unfamiliar collocations and gives full play to the advantages of Chinese sentence patterns. In addition, it relies on conveying the rhetoric of the source text and revealing the choice of synonyms. The brightness and vividness in Chinese translations are optimized through constant revision

Keywords: Chinese translation composition; brightness; vividness; optimization

02

标题阐释与脱节博弈中的古诗“名词语”英译探赜

钱屏匀

（上海电力大学外国语学院，上海 201306）

【摘要】汉语古诗词中，省略述词、连接词而完全由名词或名词词组构成的诗句称为“名词语”。这种汉诗独有的句法结构简洁凝练，以逻辑的空缺召唤读者对诗意的建构和补全，为诗句带来多重解读空间。然而，由于英汉语在句法习惯上的巨大差异，“名词语”英译无可避免地处于屈从英语句法和保留汉诗功能的两难之中。译者须深入了解“名词语”的句法和诗学功能、充分把握阐释与脱节两种常用翻译策略的得失才能做出合理决策。

【关键词】名词语；阐释翻译；脱节翻译

Paraphrasing and Disjointing of Zero-Predicate Sentence
in Classical Chinese Poetry Translation

QIAN Pingyun

(College of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China)

Abstract: In classical Chinese poetry, there exists a unique sentence pattern defined as “zero-predicate” for being solely composed of nouns or nominal phrases while omitting the predicate and function words. Concise and compact, this pattern has in itself logical gaps that invite readers to fill out, leaving an open, multi-dimensional space for interpretations. Its semantic potentials, however, pose a huge challenge to the English translation. Due to the vast chasm between English and Chinese syntax, translators are inevitably stuck in the dilemma between submitting to English syntax and retaining Chinese poetical features, to which the solution requires a probe into both the syntactic and aesthetic characteristics of zero-predicate sentence and the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used translation strategies like paraphrasing and disjointing.

Keywords: zero-predicate sentence; paraphrasing; disjointing