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高二教案 第682期
发布时间:2017-08-28

Unusual words come from homor (P4)
河北邯郸一中 王延超
I. Leading In
Let’s go through some interesting words in English to warm up.
1. There is no egg in eggplant, nor ham in hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple.鸡蛋(egg)和茄子(eggplant)没什么血缘关系;汉堡里(hamburger)也不是夹火腿(ham); 
苹果(apple)和凤梨(pineapple)的长相差距很大。
2. English muffins weren’t invented in England, nor French fries in France.英式松饼(English muffins)的家乡不是英国;炸土豆条(French fries)的发源地也不是法国。 
3. Quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square and a guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor is it a pig.
流沙(quicksand)其实流得很慢;拳击台(boxing rings)是方形的;小豚鼠(guinea pig)的老家不是几内亚,长相也没有一点儿像小猪。
4. If a vegetarian eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian eat?
如果素食主义者(vegetarian)吃蔬菜,那么,人道主义者(humanitarian)吃啥?
5. How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposite?
胖瘦截然相反,可后面跟着chance,就都变成“机会渺茫”了;聪明人(wise man)改一个词,就沦落为自作聪明的人(wise guy)。
6. How can overlook and oversee be opposite, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike?
look和see是近义词,但oversee是“监督”,overlook怎么就是“忽视”呢?a lot和a few是反义词,但与quite连用,怎么都表示“很多”的意思呢?
7. When the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
星星出来(out)了,我们能看到它们;灯灭了(out),我们就什么也看不见了。
8. When you wind up your watch, you start it, but when you wind up an essay, you end it.
给表上发条(wind up),表就开始走;wind up一篇文章,哈哈,文章就结束啦。
II. Fast Reading
Try to summarize the main idea of each part.
Part 1 (Para 1-3)
There are many strange words in English.
Part 2 (Para 4-6)
Reasons why there are odd words in English.
Part 3 (Para 7)
These odd words make studying English a lot more interesting.
Try to fill in the blank with a word in the text based on the English meaning.
1.It encourages you to do something. ______
2.Something that’s unexpected, often in a funny way._____
3.You notice it easily and clearly._____
4.Strange or unusual. _____
5.You hear what they are saying when they are not talking to you and they do not know that you are listening.______
III. Careful Reading
Read the text in depth and try to answer the following questions:
1.Why is learning English hard?
Learning any language is hard, but learning English can be especially challenging. Why? Because native speakers use the language in ways that textbooks could never describe. In particular, words that British people use cause many language students to scratch their heads.
2.Can you give some examples of some odd words?
Here’s an example: You overhear a Briton calling someone a “wazzock”. But what exactly is a wazzock? This word, in fact, means a foolish person, although there’s nothing about it that would help you guess that. There are words such as “codswallop” and  “balderdash” – which both, ironically, mean “nonsense” 
3.How can these odd words be explained? 
Part of the answer is the British sense of humor. Britons don’t like to take things too seriously, and this is evident through many British words and phrases. For example, to “spend a penny” means to use the bathroom. It refers to the days when people had to pay a penny to use a public toilet.
4. What is David Crystal’s opinion about this? 
David Crystal suggested there may be historical reasons. He thinks that they began in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. This was a great age for the theater, when Shakespeare and other writers worked hard to keep up with the demand for new plays. The theater’s popularity created an incentive to invent new words. 
True or False
1.Native English speakers use the language in ways that textbooks can always describe. 
2.The Oxford English Dictionary would be much smaller without these peculiar usages filling its pages.
3.Britons like to take things very seriously, and this is evident through many British words and phrases. 
4.David Crystal thinks the sheer number of odd words in English began in the late 17th centuries. 
5.“Codswallop” and  “balderdash” both mean “nonsense”.
Can you find out all the attributive clauses in the passage in 5 minutes?
1. Because native speakers use the language in ways that textbooks could never describe. 
2. …there’s nothing about it that would help you guess that.
3. It refers to the days when people had to pay a penny to use a public toilet.
4. This was a great age for the theater, when Shakespeare and other writers worked hard to keep up with the demand for new plays. 
5. …“codswallop” and  “balderdash” – which both, ironically, mean “nonsense”.
Fill in the blank using the proper form of the word given in the brackets.
1. Learning any language is hard, but learning English can be _______ challenging. (special)
2. The Oxford English Dictionary would be much _____ without these peculiar usages filling its pages. (small)
3. The theater’s ______ also created an incentive to invent new words. (popular)
4. “Codswallop” and  “balderdash” both, ______, mean “nonsense”. (irony) 
5. These strange words make studying English a lot more _______. (interest)
IV. After reading
Let’s get to know some “odd” English words, and answer the questions on the next page.
In the video, there are 10 words altogether. Can you match the meaning of each one?
lagoondemureinglenookefferve-scentelisionbubbly (giving off bubbles) or fizzyshy or reserveda partly-closed space near a fireplacean area of water, separated by sand and rocksthe omission of a sound in speech. E.g., “I’m” instead of “I am”.Elision is important when speaking informally.Many fish live in this lagoon.This wine is effervescent.My dream is to have a house with an inglenook.She gave him a demure smile.
In the video, there are altogether 10 words, can you match their meaning?
lithemellifluousquintessentialserendipityopulenthaving a pleasant and flowing soundexpensive and luxuriousyoung, healthy, attractive, able to move and bend smoothlythe act of finding interesting things by chancebeing the most typical or important partShe lives an opulent lifestyle.Watermelon is the quintessential fruit for a hot summer’s day.We stumbled across it through serendipity.Ballet dancers have lithe bodies.He had a deep, mellifluous voice.
V. Homework
1.Try to memorize the new words we’ve learned today, using them to make your own sentences.
2.Get to know an English pen friend if possible, and try to experience the various words that native speakers use daily.
 
 
Impressive insect (P6)
河北邯郸一中 王延超
I. Leading In
Have you ever had a close encounter with mosquitoes? Tell us your stories about these “lovely” creatures.
Answers may vary…
Do you know the “Four Pests” (四害) in Chinese history? Can you name some of them?
Mosquitoes, house flies, mice, and bugs(臭虫) (later replaced by blackbeetles(蟑螂))
Try to match the following creatures
All of us know how mosquitoes can be harmful to human beings, but few people know they can be of use to us too.
II. Fast Reading
Please read the whole text, and try to match the main ideas of each part.
Part 1(Para 1-2)
Mosquitoes may not be that annoying.
Part 2 (Para 3-8)
How Oxford scientists study mosquitoes.
Part 3 (Para 9-11)
It’s hoped that the Oxford study could be of use to human beings.
Try to match the English words with their meanings.
annoying
get rid of
impressive
unloved
straightforward
mask
frequency
lens
III. Careful Reading
Now please read the whole text carefully, then try to answer the following questions:
1.What is people’s common reaction towards mosquitoes?
There’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you. The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”.
2. How do scientists study mosquitoes up close?
By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists were able to study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’ movements in never-before-seen detail. 
3. Is it easy to record mosquitoes during flight?
“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, extreme wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can mask the view of their wings,” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.
4. What did scientists find in the study?
The study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a comparison, houseflies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second. 
5. What is Richard Bomphrey’s opinion about the study?
He believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects. “We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings reverse their direction at the end of each half-stroke,” he wrote in the study.
True or False
1. Scientists from Oxford recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most loved insect.
2. By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, scientists were able to study mosquitoes up close.
3. Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented no technical challenge at all.
4. Houseflies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second. 
5. Scientists hope their study can one day be put to a more human-focused use.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 没有什么比躺下睡觉听着蚊子在周围嗡嗡叫更烦人的了。
There’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you. 
2. 我们对蚊子了解的越多,了解它们飞行行为的机会也就越好。
The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior. 
3. 人们希望发现蚊子的特异功能会对未来的工程师有益处。
It’s hoped that the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. 
4. 这项发表在《自然》杂志上的研究发现:蚊子每秒钟拍打翅膀八百次。
Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. 
Fill in the blanks using proper prepositions.
1. There’s nothing more annoying _____ settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito.
2. I need to get rid ___ this insect immediately. 
3. A team of scientists, ___ partnership with Chiba University, published a study. 
4. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects ___1,000 frames per second.
5. Mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart ____ other flying insects. 
6. Recording mosquitoes represented a huge technical challenge due ___ their small size.
IV. Post Reading
Now please watch a little video about mosquitoes, and answer the question on the next page.
1.What do you suppose the boy is doing in the video?
One possible answer:
The boy is listening to music.
2. What’s the mosquito’s belly(腹部) like before and after it sucks the boy’s blood?
At the beginning, its belly is empty, thin or small; after it sucks the boy’s blood, its belly is large and full of blood. 
3. How do things end for the mosquito?
As is seen in the video, the mosquito is killed by the boy successfully.
According to the passage, fill in the blanks.
It’s hoped ____ the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be ___ benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better ____ (飞行器), or even improvements to tools like lenses or pumps. But the scientists hope their study can one day be put to a more _________ use. “The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and _______ how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.
V. Homework
1. Observe common plants or animals around you carefully. Can you find something that can be of benefit to science and human beings?
2. Based on your observations, can you make some small inventions of your own or with your friends?
 

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