2019-2020学年度第16期总第774期
Cheating the system and themselves (P2)
河北师大附中  赵乃平

I. Lead-in  
What are your dream universities at home and abroad?
Why do like those universities?
However, some famous universities have fallen victim to cheating scandals.

II. Skimming

The article mainly talks about the phenomenon –
many UK university students pay essay mills for essays. 

III. Scanning  
What has caused the increase in cheating?
1. It’s linked to the rise of essay mills.
2. Some students have too many deadlines and a lack of discipline.

Who are targeted by essay mills?
Those who can’t handle too many assignments, and those who speak English as a foreign language.

What are the consequences of cheating?
Damage schools' reputations, and damage students' credibility. 

What measures are taken by many universities to fight against cheating?
They adopt oral exams to test students knowledge of assignments and subject areas, and new software is used to check assignment for plagiarism.

What is another problem with essay mills?
Most essay mills do not provide the A+ essays they promise. Some students have been blackmailed. 

What may be the best way to deal with essay mills, according to the Nottingham University spokesman?
The government should make laws to punish the essay mills and close their webpages nationwide.

Essay mills in other countries:
New Zealand: such sited are forbidden.
Australia: such sites are forbidden, and students involved in cheating face severe punishment.

IV. Summary  
Write a summary about this article, using about 50 words.
You can begin like this:
Many UK university students pay companies to write their school essays.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

(Many UK university students pay companies to write their school essays. Some students do it because they can’t cope with their heavy workloads. This cheating behavior damages not only the reputation of the universities but also the credibility of the students. Measures like oral exams and strict laws have been taken to stop this behavior.) 

V. Language focus
 Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions
 fall victim ____     成为…… 的受害者
 be linked ____       与……有联系
 provide sth ____   为……提供……
 ____ response        作为回应   
 be guilty ____         犯有……罪

... it is believed that the pressure of too many deadlines and a lack of discipline (纪律) encourage them to use essay mills.
译：人们认为，太多截止日期的压力和缺乏纪律使他们找论文作坊代写论文。 
It is believed that...     
人们认为…… （it作形式主语，that引导的句子是真正的主语）

It is believed that he has told the truth.
It is believed that he will win the first prize in the contest.

2019-2020学年度第16期总第774期
Fighting HIV with CRISPR (P6)
山西省灵石县第一中学校 任立琴

Lead-in
Fighting HIV with CRISPR
How much do you know about HIV? 
Let’s have a quiz!

Q1. Roughly how many people worldwide are living with HIV ?
A. about 10 million     B. about 20million 
C. about 30 million     D. about 40 million

Q2. Which region has most people living with HIV?
A. Asia    B. Europe    C. USA    D. Africa 

Q3. When is the World AIDS Day?
A. Dec 21    B. Nov 1   C. Dec 1     D. Nov 21 
Q4. HIV can be spread by_____.
      A. hugging
      B. shaking hands    
      C. coughing or sneezing    
      D. blood passed through insect bites

Q5. What do the letters AIDS stand for?
Q6. What do the letters HIV stand for?
Q7. What does the Red Ribbon stand for?

(Key: 1-4 DDCD
5. H — Human 人类; I — Immunodeficiency 免疫缺陷; V — Virus 病毒 
HIV is a virus, which weakens a person’s immune system.
6. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 艾滋病（获得性免疫缺陷综合征）
 AIDS is the stage of the illness caused by HIV and it is a deadly disease.
7. The red ribbon is the universal symbol of awareness and support for people living with HIV. Wearing a ribbon is a great way to raise awareness about World AIDS Day.)

Scanning
Scan the article and divide it into three parts

Detailed reading 
Read Part 1 and circle the CORRECT statement.
1. CRISPR technology can be used to cure a patient with HIV.
2. CRISPR technology represents a huge step forward in fighting HIV.  (True)
According to a recent paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Chinese scientists have successfully used CRISPR technology – a method of gene editing (基因编辑) – to treat a patient with HIV. 

How did the scientists edit the DNA?
Specifically, the treatment involved using the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 to delete a gene known as CCR5, which encodes (编码) a protein that HIV uses to get inside human cells.  
释义：具体来说，该治疗方法是通过使用CRISPR-Cas9基因治疗法删除一个名为CCR5的基因，该基因可以将HIV用来进入人体细胞的蛋白质进行编码。

Read Part 3 and choose the right answer.

Q1. What is Amesh Adalja’s attitude to the treatment?
      A. negative.     B. positive 
      C. objective       D. indifferent
Q2. What does the phrase bring a new dawn in the second- to-last paragraph probably mean ?
       A.  suffer a drop    B. develop perfectly   
       C.  come earlier    D. give hope to
(key: BD)

Discussion
If you want to make some contributions to fighting HIV, what knowledge do you need?  
biochemistry
biology
genetics
medicine
pharmaceuticals
...
Language focus
key words
... Chinese scientists have successfully used CRISPR technology – a method of gene editing (基因编辑) – to treat a patient with HIV.
treat  v. 对待；治疗；视为 n. 请客，款待
treatment(n) 治疗，疗法；对待，

即学即练
translate:
1. We shouldn’t treat our mother in a disrespectful way.
2. No one knew how to treat this frightening disease. 
3. She was always treating him to ice cream.
4. It’s a treat to be enjoyed all the year ‘round.
5. For the good on certain occasions we treat as bad, and conversely the bad as good.

Expressions
1. 被诊断为......
2. ......的机会
3. 包括做......
4. 不能做......
5. 有做......的能力
6. 被认为，被视为
7. 幸亏，由于，因为

Grammar
The patient was a 27-year-old Chinese man who was diagnosed with both AIDS and acute lymphoblastic leukemia , a type of blood cancer.
Specifically, the treatment involved using the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 to delete a gene known as CCR5, which encodes a protein that HIV uses to get inside human cells. 
Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security in the United States, who was not involved in the study, praised the treatment. 

定语从句

Further information 
World AIDS Day is one of the 8 WHO Global Health Days.
The day was created by the World Health Organization in 1988.
World AIDS Day serves to remember those who have died from AIDS and to bring about awareness of HIV/AIDS through education and publicly held events.