2020-2021学年度第4期总第803期
Contributing to science (P4)
山西省灵石县第一中学    任立琴

I. Free-talk
What qualities do you think you need to have to do scientific research?

II. Read for general information
Look at the title and predict what the writer will write about.
Read the article and check your prediction.

Read the article and check your prediction.
The main idea: The concept of citizen science has recently grown in China.

III. Read for details
1. Why does the writer mention Chu’s second job at the beginning of the text?
A. To praise him.
B. To introduce a new second job.
C. To lead up to the topic of the text.
D. To encourage the public to protect the frogs.

2. What is citizen science?
In citizen science, members of the public help experts gather data for scientific research.
Evidence: The concept of citizen science, in which members of the public help experts gather data for scientific research, dates back to at least 1900 in the US, and it has recently grown in popularity in China.

 这句话的主句是：the concept of citizen science dates back to at least 1900 in the US, and it has recently grown in popularity in China. which引导的是非限制性定语从句。

3. What advantages does citizen science have?
It can provide more valuable information in shorter time.
Evidence 1: The data gathered by citizens covers the whole city, and this provides valuable information for us.
more information

Evidence 2:  It once took five years to finish a citywide investigation of plants. But if they had received help from the public, it could have been shortened to one year.
shorter time

IV. Post-reading

Try to retell the article according to the pictures.

What can we do for scientific research?

V. Language focus
Find the following expressions in the article.
相反；而不是    
准备好做某事
装备有，配备有
邀请某人做某事
追溯到
至少
实地考察，现场调查
深入研究
鼓励某人做某事
对......做贡献

key words
Instead of heading home or dining at a restaurant to celebrate the end of the work week, electrical engineer Chu Qing was ready to begin his “second job” as a citizen scientist .
head
n. 头，头部 ；头目，领导者
vt. 使（车、船等）朝某处行进

 词块：hit somebody on the head 击中头部       
             use one’s head  动脑筋
             shake one’s head 摇头             
             head for     前往某处
             head out     出发                    

即学即练
Translate:

The head of the department headed for the office in anger and shouted: “Use your head and try to work it out!”

V. Language focus
“The data gathered by citizens covers the whole city, and this provides valuable information for us.”
vt.
① 包含，涉及；
②覆盖，掩饰；
③行走(路程)；
④看完(……页书)；
⑤(记者)采访/报道；
⑥占用(一段时间或空间)；
⑦(钱)够……用
n．封面(底)；盖子
On that afternoon, as the math teacher started to introduce difficult concepts, dark clouds covered the sky, and the storm set in.

During the summer camp, children will be instructed by the teacher to cover 30 miles a day.

He  laughed to cover his nervousness.

He should get enough money from the council to cover his rent.

VI. Grammar
But if they had received help from the public, it could have been shortened to one year.
本句中的虚拟语气表示与过去的事实相反。
Subjunctive mood is used to talk about situations that are not true or not likely to become true.

Compare and find the difference.

与现在事实相反：
从句谓语用动词过去式（be动词用were）
主句谓语用would/could/should/might+动词原形
★ If you____ have to go to school today, what____ you do?
(didn't; would)

与过去事实相反：
从句谓语用had+动词过去分式
主句谓语用would/could/should/might
                 +have+过去分词
★ If he ________up then, he __________ injured.
(hadn't given; would have gotten)

与将来事实相反：
从句谓语用动词过去式(be动词用were)
              或were to+动词原形
              或should+动词原形
主句谓语用would/could/should/might+动词原形

★ If you _________ with difficulties in the future, ______ you stick to your goal as Liu Xiang did?
(were to meet; would)

VII. Further information
什么是公众科学？
       公众科学希望能邀请不同教育背景的人们，用简易的方式一起参与到科学资料的收集与分析当中，让科学研究不仅仅局限于少数的科学家及研究学者。
        简单来说，你可以将公众科学看作是一种属于全民的STEM教育，包括科学（Science）、技术（Technology）、工程（Engineering）、数学（Mathematics）。
       公众科学不仅借用了大众的力量来协助学术科研上的进展，更是培养大家将科学融入生活的态度。
       科研资料的收集常常是一项巨大的工程，若是仅依赖少数学者的话，一个科研项目可能要花费数年才能搜集到足够完整的资料。
      若是普通民众可以一同参与到这些科研项目当中，就可以协助科学家们取得各地区的资料，不仅能让资料更为详细完整，提升后续分析的质量，也能替科学家们省下不少时间。
       除了让民众参与之外，公众科学也体现了另一个教育学上的方式——项目式学习（project-based learning）。
       项目式学习的目的在于让学生以问题为出发点，针对相关的案例或知识进行探究，借此培养学生在创造力、合作、批判性思考以及对所学知识产生所有权(ownership)的能力。在公众科学里，科学教育不再是从课本出发，而是从探究、解决现实世界中所面临的问题开始的。

2020-2021学年度第4期总第803期
Sending a signal (P6)
吉林毓文中学  王荟娟

Lead-in
Watch the video below and answer the following questions.
https://haokan.baidu.com/v?vid=7610478029591928837&pd=bjh&fr=bjhauthor&type=video

Questions:
1. Where does the conversation take place?
During a flight

2. Who are the two men?
They are pilots.

3. What happens in the video?
The plane is in danger and the pilots are asking for help.

4. How does the man call for help?
He says, “Mayday, mayday, mayday.”

What does “Mayday” mean?

Reading for main idea

What’s the main idea of the article?
An introduction of the mayday signal.  

Reading for details
1. What does “Mayday” mean?
Mayday is an internationally recognized_______ mostly used by ________________. The signal can be sent out on __________ by_____________.

2. What do we know about the former emergency call?

3. Who thought of the new signal and why？
Because of the amount of flights that flew between Croydon and Paris, _________________, a radio officer at Croydon Airport in London chose________, as it sounds_________ the French word that means___________.

4. What are pilots required to do when facing a threatening situation？

Understanding-sentences
1. “Mayday” is an internationally recognized distress call, mostly used by pilots and boat captains.
本句中mostly used by pilots and boat captains为_______作______,与主语________体现_______，相当于定语从句，which is mostly used by pilots and boat captains。

2. Facing a threatening situation, pilots are required to repeat the signal three times in case of radio interference or loud background noise.
   本句中Facing a threatening situation为__________，表示主语____主动发出的动作。
句中_______,为______,翻译为_______。

3. While mayday signals indicate a life-threatening situation, they do not always end in fatalities.
本句中While译为_____,引导________；while 常用来引导时间状语从句。

eg.
While the discussion was still going on, George came in. 当……时候
While I admit his good points, I can see his bad. 尽管，虽然

Words and expressions

1. signal
2. encounter
3. emergency
4. dash
5. unmistakable
6. indicate
7. threatening
8. interference
9. fatality
10. despite

1. be familiar with  
2. distress call
3. originate in
4. be similar to
5. in case of
6. receive a reply
7. make an emergency landing
8. means of transport

Discussion
   When a plane is in danger, it can send a mayday signal to ask for help.
   If we are in danger in different situations, what kind of signals can we send to get help?