2020-2021学年度第5期总第804期
Coming to a full stop (P5)
河北师大附中  赵乃平

Lead-in
Do you know these English language punctuation marks?

What are the functions of the punctuation marks?

What mark is usually used to end a sentence?
A full stop, or period.
The full stop, also called the period, is one of the most commonly used punctuation marks.

Skimming
The text is mainly about how the full stop has come to have a different meaning.

Detail reading
What is the basic function of a full stop?
It shows the end of a sentence.

What does the young generation use a full stop for?
A sign of anger.

In what way does the young generation show a separate thought while writing a message?
They end one separate thought by sending a message without using a full stop.

According to Lauren Fonteyn, how will the receiver respond if a full stop is used to complete a message?
They will take it to mean that the message has a negative tone.

Why does Davic Crystal refer to a full stop as an “emotion marker”?
Because he thinks it makes the receiver feel that the sender is angry or annoyed.

According to language experts, what should we do when when a full stop is included in a message?
Consider the context.

How does this apply to emails?
We should use full stops in an email.

Summary
    A full stop shows the ____ of a sentence.
    But among the youngsters, it takes on a different meaning, showing the sender is ______.
    When sending messages, they just  ______ ____ their thoughts and send each one instead of using a full stop.
    But full stops are ______ in an email.
(Key: end, angry, break up, acceptable)

Language focus
When sending messages, they tend to break up their thoughts by sending each one as a separate message, instead of using a full stop.     
释义：在发送消息时，他们往往将每个想法作为单独的消息发送，而不是使用句号。

break up （被）拆分;（使）破碎; （关系）破裂;（使）解散;（学校或学生）放假

指出下列句子中break up的意思
1. The police  tried to break up the crowd.

2. He broke up with his girlfriend.

3. First break up the chocolate and melt it.

... the punctuation mark has become an “emotion marker” that reminds the recipient that the sender is angry or annoyed.
释义：这个标点符号变成了一个“情绪标记”，提醒接收者发送者很生气或者恼怒。
remind 提醒，使想起
    remind
remind sb of sth
remind sb to do sth
remind that …

一句多译：
他提醒我明天开会。
1. He reminded me of the meeting tomorrow.
2. He reminded me to attend the meeting tomorrow.
3. He reminded me that there will be a meeting tomorrow.

2020-2021学年度第5期总第804期
Orbiting Earth in masses (P6)
山西省灵石县第一中学  任立琴

I. Free-talk
Online lessons have been carried out all over China during COVID-19 pandemic, but for those in poor or remote areas...

Look at the word cloud and predict what is talked about in the article.

II. Read for general information
1. What type of writing is this?
 A. Narration.   
 B. Argumentation.
 C. Exposition.

2. What problem is Starlink aiming to solve?
People in poor or remote areas cannot get access to the internet.

III. Read for details

1. True (T) or false (F).

① A US aerospace manufacturer is aiming to bring high-speed internet to people in every corner of its country with the Starlink project.
Evidence: SpaceX, a US aerospace (航空航天) manufacturer founded in 2002 by Elon Musk, is aiming to bring high-speed internet to people in every corner of the world with the Starlink project.  

② The Starlink project has sent about 42,000 satellites into low orbit around Earth.
Evidence: Starlink plans to send nearly 42,000 satellites into low orbit around Earth. Recently, the 12th batch (批) of 60 Starlink satellites was launched, bringing the total number of Starlink satellites in orbit to more than 700.

③ Starlink’s download speed can reach up to about 20 mbps to 30 mbps.
Evidence:  Its download speed is much faster than broadband (宽带) currently used in most homes, which can reach about 20 mbps to 30 mbps.
 which 引导的为非限制性定语从句。关系词which 指代前面的broadband currently used in most homes。

2. List the advantages and disadvantages of the Starlink project.

Choose the best answer
1. What is the writer’s attitude toward the project?
 A. Negative.         B. Positive.
 C. Objective.        D. Indifferent.

2. How does the writer introduce the Starlink project?
A. By giving a definition.        B. By listing figures.    
C. By giving examples.         D. By quoting experts.

Text Features
Expository writing usually conveys information about an issue, method, or idea with three basic parts: the introduction, the body and the conclusion.

The tone of the writing should be impersonal or objective. In order to make the writing more persuasive, the writer usually lists figures or making comparison.   

IV. Post-reading
How do you understand the title Orbiting Earth in masses?
Possible version:
Thanks to the Starlink project, in which a mass of satellites will be sent into low orbit around Earth, people in every corner of the world could get access to high-speed internet.

What’s your attitude toward the project?

V. Language focus
Find the following expressions in the article.
许多，大量
扮演重要角色，发挥重要作用
日常生活
可接近，可获得
目的是，旨在做某事
计划、打算做某事
下载速度
代替，而不是
同时，立刻，马上
释放，发出

Sentence
However, not everyone can get access to it, especially those in poor or remote areas.
当not与all, every, everyone, everything, both等连用时，表示不完全否定。

Try to translate.
1. All of the students could not understand it.
= Not all of the students could understand it .
不是所有的学生都能理解它。

2. Every book is not educational.
= Not every book is educational.
不是所有的书都有教育意义。

Do the words in each group have similar meanings?
Group 1
Starlink plans to send nearly 42,000 satellites into low orbit around Earth. (para 3)

 Also, there are about 1,500 active satellites and 3,000 dead satellites currently orbiting Earth. (para 9)

Group 2
Recently, the 12th batch (批) of 60 Starlink satellites was launched, bringing the total number of Starlink satellites in orbit to more than 700. (para 3)

During the launch, SpaceX officials gave details about the project’s abilities. (para 4)

VI. Grammar

构词法之词的转换
转换法（conversion）
        在词形不变的情况下，把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性，而没有加任何词缀，这种构词方法称为转换法。例如：

   dream v.    做梦    → n. 梦
   look    v.    看             → n. 相貌
   back    n.    后背    → v. 支持
   air       n.     空气    → v.    通风

1. 许多名词可转化成动词，意思也随着有些改变。如：
chair（n.椅子→ v.主持）    hand（n.手→v.上交）
land（n.土地→v.着陆）    cook（n.厨师→v.烹调）
name（n.名字→v.取名              picture（n.画→v.描绘）
nurse（n.护士→v.照料）     smoke（n.烟→v.吸烟）

2. 大量动词可转化为名词，有时意思没有太大改变。如：
   try  （v.尝试→n.尝试）   read (v.阅读→n.阅读)
   swim （v.游泳→n.游泳）sigh (v.叹气→n.叹气）
   cry  (v.哭→n.哭)             shout（v.呼喊→n.呼喊）
   kiss  (v.吻→n. 吻)             guess   (v.猜测→n猜测)

3. 形容词转化成动词。如：
better（a.更好的→v.改善)
calm（a.冷静的→v.使冷静）
cool （a.凉快的→v.冷却）
own （a.自己的→v.拥有）
slow （a.慢的→v.减慢）

VII. Further information
     StarLink是SpaceX计划推出的一项通过低地轨道卫星网，提供覆盖全球的高速互联网接入服务。在2020年之前在低中高三个轨道上部署接近12000颗卫星（最终42000个），还需要再建设100万个接入型地面站和6个卫星网关站，整个计划预计需要100亿美元的投资。
     每颗卫星的使用寿命大约为 5 到 7 年，退役后，推进器为卫星减速促使其脱轨，脱轨后的卫星会坠入大气层烧毁，不对地面上的人或建筑造成任何可能的伤害。