2020-2021学年度第17期总第816期
Food for thought (P6)
山西省灵石县第一中学
任立琴
I. Free talk
Which food do you like? Why?
Is it healthy?

II. Read for general information
 
TIP 1：An exposition is a type of writing to inform or explain information about an issue, subject, method or idea.

Main idea: Teenagers find it hard to say no to junk food because their brains are not yet fully formed.

III. Read for details
1. According to the passage, what is junk food?
Processed (经过加工的) foods with a lot of fat and sugar.
2. What is the topic sentence of paragraph 1?
Eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19.  
3. What is the topic sentence of last paragraph?
Exercise is the best way to say no to junk food.
(What’s the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise.)
TIP 2：A topic sentence is a sentence that states or suggests the main idea or topic of a paragraph. Often a topic sentence comes at the beginning of a paragraph. Sometimes it appears in the middle or at the end.

4. List the harm of eating too much junk food.
impairs (损害) teenagers' ability to _____________;
makes it harder to________________ ;
ups a teen’s risk of _______________.
(Key: think, learn and remember; control impulsive behaviors; depression and anxiety)
 
5. Why is it hard for teenagers to refuse junk food?
The teen's brain has a heightened (增强的) drive for rewards and reduced self-regulation (自我调节).
 

6. Complete the following sentences and use them to complete the “cause-effect” flow chart.
A.Teens have a heightened_____ for rewards.
B.Teens' brains aren't fully _____.
C.Teens have _____ self-regulation.
D.Teens can't_____  junk food.
(Key: drive; developed; reduced; resist)
 
IV. Post-reading
Complete the structure map of this article.
 
TIP 3： An expository writing usually has three basic parts: the introduction, the body and the conclusion.

Discussion: What makes a balanced diet?\

V. Language focus
Find the following expressions in the article.
1.拒绝                 turn down
2.做某事的能力         the ability to do sth.
3.对......过敏            be sensitive to 
4.......的一部分          (a) part of 
5.当说到，当提及       when it comes to (doing) sth.
6.实施研究             conduct a study
7.......的方法            the way to do sth.
8.做决定               make a decision

Do the words in each group have similar meanings?
Group 1 
•However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19.   (para 1）
•If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.  
(Key: v. 伤害; n. 伤害)

Group 2 
•Junk food shapes adolescent (青春期的) brains in ways that impair (损害) their ability to think, learn and remember. (para 2)
• This island is triangular in shape. 
(Key: v. 塑造; n.形状)

Group 3 
•They found adolescents are more sensitive than any other age group to processed (经过加工的) foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed.  (para 3)
• If you don't get more exercise, you'll get fat.
(Key: n. 脂肪; adj. 胖的，肥的)

Group 4 
•The prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge.  (para 4)
• He urged the horses on with a whip. 
(Key: n. 冲动，刺激; v. 催促，极力主张)

Group 5
•“It has a heightened (增强的) drive for rewards and reduced self-regulation (自我调节),” said Reichelt.(para 7)
•He is too little to drive a car. 
(Key: n. 推动力; v. 开车)

VI. Grammar
构词法之 词的转换
转换法（conversion）
        在词形不变的情况下，把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性，而没有加任何词缀，这种构词方法称为转换法。例如：

   dream v.    做梦    → n.    梦
   look    v.    看    → n.    相貌 
   back    n.    后背    → v.    支持
   air       n.     空气→ v.    通风
   better  a.     较好→ v.    改善
转换法——名词转换成动词
1. 许多名词可转化成动词，意思也随着有些改变。如：
chair（n.椅子→ v.主持）    hand（n.手→v.上交）
land（n.土地→v.着陆）    cook（n.厨师→v.烹调）
order（n.命令→v.订购）    name（n.名字→v.取名）
lift（n.电梯→v.举起）              picture（n.画→v.描绘）
press（n.报刊→v.挤压）    nurse（n.护士→v.照料）
smoke（n.烟→v.吸烟）      stand（n.看台→v.站）  
转换法——动词转换成名词
2. 大量动词可转化为名词，有时意思没有太大改变。如：
   try（v.尝试→n.尝试）   read  (v.阅读→n.阅读)
   swim（v.游泳→n.游泳） sigh  (v.叹气→n.叹气）
   cry  (v.哭→n.哭)       shout（v.呼喊→n.呼喊）
   kiss  (v.吻→n吻)       guess  (v.猜测→n猜测) 
转换法——形容转换成动词
3. 形容词转化成动词。如：
better（a.更好的→v.改善) calm（a.冷静的→v.使冷静）
cool （a.凉快的→v.冷却） spare（a.空闲的→v.节省）
own （a.自己的→v.拥有） close（a.亲密的→v.关闭）
slow （a.慢的→v.减慢）     last（a.最后的→v.持续）
    I placed the chick (雏鸟) in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. (2017 全国Ⅰ阅读)

转换法——形容词转换成名词和副词
4. 形容词转化成名词。如：
cold（a.冷的→n.感冒）    back（a.后面的→n.背部）
quiet (a.安静的→n.恬静)     calm (a.平静的→n安静)

5. 形容词转化成副词。如：
deep（a.深的→ad.深地）       wide（a.宽的→ad.广泛地）
hard（a.困难的→ad.努力地） well（a.健康的→ad.很好地）

VII. Further information
Did you know? 
“Food for thought” is a noun phrase that refers to something that should be thought about or considered carefully.

Examples:
Your essay has provided me with some interesting food for thought. 
My adviser gave me some food for thought about job opportunities.