2021-2022学年度第10期总第759期

Transplant from pig to person (P6)

北京中学  李萍

I. Lead-in

What can you see in the picture?

What do you know about organ transplantation?

 

Organ transplantation is a procedure in which a functional, intact organ is transferred from one individual to another. The organ is then functional in the recipient. This type of transplantation can occur between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.

Transplant from pig to person

What questions may come to mind when you see the title?

II. Reading for gist

Read the passage and check whether your questions can be answered.

III. Reading for details

Read the passage again and find out more details.

 

IV. Critical thinking

What do you think of transplanting an organ from an animal to a person?

Transplanting an organ from an animal to a person could help save a person, which would mean a lot to the patient’s family as well.

V. Language focus

长难句分析：

1. In a two-hour procedure, led by Dr Robert Montgomery at New York University (NYU) Langone Health in the US, surgeons successfully attached a kidney (肾) from a genetically-engineered (转基因的) pig to a human.

历经两个小时的手术，在美国纽约大学朗格尼健康中心的罗伯特·蒙哥马利博士的领导下，外科医生成功地将转基因猪的肾脏移植到人类身上。

led by Dr Robert Montgomery at New York University (NYU) Langone Health in the US是过去分词短语做状语。

 

2. It was a kidney that was immediately functioning.

这是一个立即开始运作的肾脏。

that was immediately functioning是定语从句，修饰先行词a kidney.

 

3. Montgomery’s team thought that using a modified (基因改良的) pig that wouldn’t produce this sugar molecule would overcome the issue of organ rejection.

蒙哥马利的研究小组认为，使用不会产生这种糖分子的转基因猪可以克服器官排斥的问题。

该句含有两个that引导的从句，第一个that引导的从句为宾语从句，作thought的宾语，第二个that引导的从句为定语从句，修饰先行词a modified pig.

 

4. While there is still much to be done before entire pig organs are regularly used in people, the prospect itself is encouraging.

尽管在将全部的猪器官用于人体之前还有很多工作要做，但前景本身是鼓舞人心的。

该句中，while引导状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”的意思。While引导状语从句时，还可以表示“而”，“当......的时候”。如：

The first two services are free, while the third costs £35.00.

While I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction.

 

重点词汇及用法：

1. The kidney functioned normally and wasn’t rejected by the person’s immune system.

function:  v. If a machine or system is functioning, it is working or operating. 工作；运转，运行

e.g. Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.

尽管停电，医院仍然正常运作。

function: The function of something or someone is the useful thing that they do or are intended to do.功能；作用；职责

e.g. The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.

心脏的功能就是把血液输往全身。

 

2. For three days, the kidney was attached to the patient’s blood vessels (血管) by the upper leg and maintained outside her body to give researchers access.

attach: (1) to fasten or join one thing to another 把......固定，把......附在......上

e.g. I attach a copy of my notes for your information.

我附上笔记一份供你参考。

(2) ~ importance, significance, value, weight, etc. (to sth) to believe that sth is important or worth thinking about 认为有重要性（或意义、价值、分量等）；重视

e.g. I attach great importance to this research.

我认为这项研究十分重要。

 

3. This is where the idea of using an organ from a genetically-engineered pig came into play.

come into play: to start to happen or have an effect. 起作用

拓展词汇：come into being 形成，产生

          come into effect 实行，实施

 

4. Montgomery said that the NYU kidney transplant experiment should pave the way for trials in patients with end-stage kidney failure, possibly in the next year or two, CNN reported.

pave the way:为......铺平道路：使更容易取得进步或发展

e.g. This agreement will pave the way for lasting peace. 

这个协议将为持久和平铺路.

 

5. While there is still much to be done before entire pig organs are regularly used in people, the prospect itself is encouraging.

prospect: (1) n. an idea of what might or will happen in the future 前景；展望；设想

e.g. The prospects for peace in the country's eight-year civil war are becoming brighter.

该国经历8年内战之后重归和平的前景正逐渐变得光明。

 (2) v. to search an area for gold, minerals, oil, etc. 探矿；勘探

e.g. Thousands moved to the area to prospect for gold.

数以千计的人涌入那个地区淘金。