第37/686期初三教案

边晓霏

 

 

Testing at home (P2)

 

 

I. New words

1. Because of a sudden rise of COVID-19 cases in several Chinese cities.

·sudden /ˈsʌdn / adj. 突然的、忽然的、骤然的

  all of a sudden的意思是“突然地，出乎意料地”

  His sudden death upset everybody.

  他的突然去世使大家深感悲伤。                                  

·suddenly /ˈsʌdənli / adv.突然、忽然、猛地、骤然

  Suddenly he began to shout loudly.

  突然他开始大声尖叫起来。

 

2. the country is making five COVID-19 antigen test kits (抗原检测试剂盒) available (可获得的) for self-testing, CGTN reported.

·available  /əˈveɪləbl/ adj.可获得的; 可购得的; 有空的;

  There are three small boats available for hire.

  有3艘小船可供出租。

  I'll give him your message as soon as he's available.

  他一有空我就转告他您的留言。

  We must utilize all available resources. 

  我们必须利用可以得到的一切资源。

 

3.The antigen tests are beneficial because they produce results faster, in around 15 minutes.

·beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl / adj. 有益的、有利的

  be beneficial to: 对……有益的

  A good diet is beneficial to your health. 

  良好的饮食有益于健康。

·benefit / benɪfɪt / n. 利益; 益处; 优势

                  v. 对(某人)有用; 使受益; 得益于; 得利于;

 

4.and don’t require a lab.

·require / rɪˈkwaɪə(r) / vt. 要求; 需要; 依靠; 依赖

·require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事

  At the beginning of the new term, all students will be required to take a short test. 

  在新学期的开始，所有学生都要参加一次小测试。

·require doing sth 需要做某事

  This book is required reading for this course.

  这本书是这本课程的指定读物。

 

5.People can use them in their own homes at their convenience.

·convenience / kənˈviːniəns / n. 方便; 适宜; 便利; 便利的事物(或设施);

·at one's convenience 在方便的时候

  Please call me back at your convenience.

  请你方便的时候回个电话给我.

·make a convenience of 过分利用某人

·convenient / kənˈviːniənt / adj. 便利的; 省事的; 附近的

 

6. people undergoing centralized or home isolation (隔离), and other people who just want to take a test.

·undergoing / ˌʌndəˈɡəʊɪŋ / v. 经历，经受

  This city underwent great changes.

  这座城市经历了巨大的变化。

  She underwent a thorough examination at the hospital.

  她在医院里接受了全面检查。

 

7. They will need to undergo centralized quarantine (隔离) and have regular (常规的) nucleic acid tests, reported China Daily.

·regular / ˈreɡjələ(r) / adj. 有规律的; 定期的; 常规的; 经常做(或发生)的;

  He leads a regular life. 

  他过着有规律的生活。

  He made a regular visit to his parents. 

  他定期看望父母亲。

·n. 常客; 老主顾; 主力(或正式)队员;

  I wasn't one of their regulars.

  我并不是他们的正式成员。

 

II. Key points

1. Because of a sudden rise of COVID-19 cases in several Chinese cities

·because of

  because of其后可接名词、代词、动名词或由what引导的从句（但不是直接接从句）。当主语是代词时，because of短语在句中可用作表语。

  He lost his job because of his age.  

  由于年龄关系他失去了工作。

  He knew she was crying because of what he had said.  

  他知道她哭是因为他说的话。

·because

  because 是连词，其后接句子

  I didn't buy it because it was too expensive. 

  我没有买是因为它太贵了。

  He didn't come because he was ill.

  He didn't come because of his illness.

 

2. But they work differently from the nucleic acid tests (核酸检测) that we are all familiar with.

·be familiar with

  这个短语的主语必须是人，意为“（某人）对……很熟悉”

  I am not familiar with her poetry.

  我对她的诗作不熟悉。

  with后面可用事物，也可用人，但用人的时候，含有过分亲密的意味。 

  如：He is very familiar with the dog.

·be familiar to: “……被某人所熟悉”，to 后面必须接人作宾语。

  European history is not familiar to me.

  我对欧洲历史不是很熟悉。

 

3. “In the early stage of infection, the amount of virus can be very low,” Zhang said.

·the amount of

  the amount of 既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词，表示“某物的数量”。

  The amount of the people present reaches 300.

  到场的人达到了300个。

·an amount of

  an amount of 和不可数名词连用，表示”一些“的含义，和some意思相同。

  He has a large amount of work to do.

  他有大量工作要做。

 

4. People who test positive with the antigen kits will be treated as COVID-19 cases.

·be treated as：把……当作……对待

  He preferred to be treated as an ordinary worker. 

  他宁愿被当成普通工人看待。

·be treated with 用……处理，用……对待 

  This delicate glass must be treated with care. 

  这精巧的玻璃杯处理时要小心。

 

5. At this time, China is sticking to its zero-COVID policy.

·stick to: 粘着：The gum is stuck to my shoe. 

               口香糖粘我鞋上了。

          坚持做：You should stick to it and never give up.

                  你应该坚持下去，永不放弃。

·stick to doing sth 坚持做某事

  We must stick to exercising every day.

  我们必须每天坚持锻炼。

·be stuck with:被……纠缠无法摆脱

  I want to go out to see a movie but I am stuck with homework tonight.

  我真地很想出去看电影，但是我被作业缠身。

·stick out 突出，显眼；坚持到底

 

III. Choose the answer

1. Antigen test kits are available to _____.

A. reduce test costs

B. speed up testing

C. make the test more comfortable

D. make results more accurate

 

2. In Paragraph 2, Zhang Wenhong explains _____.

A. how the antigen test kits work

B. what kind of people can use antigen test kits

C. the advantages and disadvantages of antigen tests

D. the difference between antigen tests and nucleic acid tests

 

3. Compared with nucleic acid tests, antigen tests _____.

a. produce faster results

b. should be done in a lab

c. can be done on one’s own

d. are more accurate

A. ab          B. ac         

C. bc          D. cd

 

4. According to China Daily, _____.

A. COVID-19 cases can only be confirmed by nucleic acid tests

B. a positive result from an antigen test might not be COVID-19

C. positive cases from antigen tests will receive proper treatment

D. the results of antigen kits are completely trusted

 

5. What is the purpose of the new actions?

A. To avoid the spread of the virus.

B. To study the Omicron variant.

C. To develop more medical products.

D. To recover China’s connection with the world.

 

IV. Words in use

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. We were talking on the phone when _____, the line went dead.(突然地)

2. He felt a _____ sense of calm.(突然的)

3. Exercising regularly and eating reasonably is _____ for your health.

4. He is _____ the computer(熟悉).

5. These clothes are dirty and they require _____.

 

 

B. Choose the answer.

1. These dresses are not _____ your size, I'm afraid.

A. available              B. available to

C. available in            D. available with

 

2. In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one fifth the total _____ living expenses.

A. acceptable              B. available

C. advisable                D. applicable

 

3. These temples require _____ next month .

A. repair                              B. to repair  

C. repairing               D. repaired

 

4. The students must stick to _____ English every day.

A. practice                 B. practiced  

C. practicing               D. be practiced

 

5. The boy was late _____ the heavy traffic.

A. because                 B. because of   

C. so                          D. while

 

参考答案

III. 1. The country is making five COVID-19 antigen test kits available for self-testing. The antigen tests are beneficial because they produce results faster, in around 15 minutes, and don’t require a lab. People can use them in their own homes at their convenience.

研发抗原检测试剂盒为的是人们在家可以自己检测，加快了检测的速度。所以选B。

2. “Antigen is like the ‘clothes’ of the virus, while nucleic acid is the gene (基因) of the virus,” said Zhang Wenhong,

张文宏解释道：“抗原就像病毒穿的外面的‘衣服’，核酸就是病毒里面的基因”。所以是在说两者的不同。选D。

3. “The antigen tests are beneficial because they produce results faster, in around 15 minutes, and don’t require a lab. People can use them in their own homes at their convenience. But they aren’t as accurate (准确的).

抗原检测试剂盒检测出结果更快，大概在十五分钟左右，不要求在实验室里。人们可以自己在家方便的时候检测。但是这个结果可能不是那么准确。所以选B。

4. They will need to undergo centralized quarantine (隔离) and have regular (常规的) nucleic acid tests, reported China Daily.

由文中可知，人们如果在家自己核酸检测是阳性，就需要经历集中隔离和常规的核酸检测。所以选C阳性结果的患者将会收到适合的治疗方案。

5. It is hoped that the introduction of antigen tests will help authorities to find infected people more rapidly.

新产品的研发是为了更快找到感染者，遏制病毒的传播。所以选A。

IV. A: 1. suddenly 2. sudden 3. beneficial 4. familiar with 5. washing

  B: CBCCB

 

 

 

 

 

 

Transplant progress (P6)

 

 

I. New words

1. David Bennett, a 57-year-old man from the US, received the world’s first pig heart transplant (移植) in January.

·transplant / ˌtrænsˈplænt / v. 移栽；移植（器官、皮肤等）

  It is possible to transplant organs from animals into people.

  现在将动物身上的器官移植入人体内已经成为了可能。

 

2. It may sound like a failure, but it actually is a big step forward for xenotransplantation (异种器官移植).

·failure /ˈfeɪljə(r) / n. 失败; 失败的人(或事物)

  Failure is the mother of success.

  失败是成功之母。

·fail v.失败；不及格。

·fail in在某一方面失败

  All our plans failed. 

  我们所有的计划都失败了。

  If you fail the test, you can try again.  

  万一你考试失败了，你可以再试一次。

·fail to do sth不能；未能做；没有能力做某事；

  He failed to catch the first train.

  他没能赶上第一班火车。

 

3. In the US alone, over 100,000 patients (病人) are on a list waiting for new organs.

·alone /əˈləʊn / adj. 单独的；孤单的

  He is alone.他独自一人。（在这句当中，alone作为形容词）

·adv.  孤独地

  He lives alone.他一个人住。（在这个句子中，alone作为副词）

·lonely只可做形容词。adj. 单独的；孤单的

  a lonely traveler 一个孤独的旅者 

  He is lonely.他很孤独。

  alone不带有个人感情色彩，指的是客观事实上的独自、单独。lonely则带有个人感情色彩，表示内心的孤独。 

  He doesn't feel lonely when he is alone.

  他独自一个人的时候他不觉得孤独。

 

4. Usually, patients’ bodies reject (排斥) the animal organs.

·reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ v. 拒绝; 拒收; 不予考虑; 不录用; 拒绝接纳; 排斥，排异（移植的器官）;

  All our suggestions were rejected out of hand .

  我们所有的建议都被一口拒绝了。

·rejection n.拒绝

  Your trouble is that you can't take rejection. 

  你的问题是不能接受拒绝。

 

reject 和refuse的区别

·refuse 表示“拒绝”，强调态度的肯定和坚决；

·而 reject 则强调摈弃、不采用或不使用。

  They refused him admittance.

  他们不允许他入场。

  They rejected all the bad apples.

  他们扔掉了所有的坏苹果。

·refuse 后可接不定式表示“拒绝做某事”，而 reject 通常不这样用。

  He refused to come to the meeting.

  他拒绝来参加会议。

  The door refuses to open.

  这门打不开。

5.That’s because scientists removed pig genes (基因) that would cause fast rejection.

·remove /rɪˈmuːv/ vt. 去除; 去掉; 移开; 拿开; 脱去(衣服等); 摘下; 免除，解除（职务等）;

  Our office has removed. 

  我们的办公室迁址了。

  Let me remove the milk. 

  我来把牛奶拿开。

 

6. Muhammad Mohiuddin, director of the transplant program, told The Guardian.

·director /dəˈrektə(r)/ n. 经理; 董事; 理事; (某一活动的)负责人; (公司部门的)主任; (学院的)院长; (电影、戏剧等的)导演;

  The board nominated him as the new director.

  董事会指定他为新董事。

 

7. Doctors at New York University attached (连接) gene-edited pig kidneys to a human patient’s blood vessels (血管) outside of the body.

·attach /əˈtætʃ/ v.贴上; 重视; 把…固定，把…附(在…上); （使）与…有联系

  Please attach these labels to your hand luggage. 

  请把这些标签系在您的手提行李上。

  China will not attach itself to any big power. 

  中国不依附任何大国。

 

II. Key words

1. It may sound like a failure, but it actually is a big step forward for xenotransplantation (异种器官移植).

·sound like 听起来;风格近似;听起来像

  sound like 后面一般接一个名词，但要接句子时，要接that，再接从句。

  I don't want to sound like I'm some old fogy.  

  我不想让自己听上去像一个老古董。

·sound v. 听起来;感觉起来;发出声音

That sounds like a good idea!

那听起来是个好主意。

Your cough sounds better.

你的咳嗽听起来好些了。

·感官动词用法：look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词。 

  He looks angry. 

  It sounds good. 

  The flowers smell beautiful. 

  The sweets taste sweet.

  The silk feels soft.  

  I felt tired. 

  They all looked tired.

 

2. as doctors and scientists look for ways to solve the big problem of organ (器官) transplant waiting lists.

·look for 寻找,寻求

  The working group will be looking for practical solutions to the problems faced by doctors.  

  工作小组将寻求切实可行的方案，以解决医生们遇到的难题。

look at. 看；考虑；着眼于

look forward 期待；盼望

take a look 看一下

have a look 看一下，看一眼；

look up 仰望；查阅；尊敬；拜访

look after 照顾；关心；目送

look over 检查

look like 看起来像

look out 向外望、当心

 

3. over 100,000 patients (病人) are on a list waiting for new organs.

·wait for 等待，等候

  She is waiting for her mother．

  她正在等她妈妈。

  They are waiting for the train．

  他们正在等火车。

·wait

  Wait till the bus stops before getting off．

  等公共汽车停了再下车。   

  I can wait if you can't get there on time．

  如果你不能按时到这里，我可以等。

 

4. Though these recent successes were short-lived, they show that there may be a way forward for xenotransplants.

·though和although都可以引导让步状语从从句。

·though和although当“虽然”讲，都不能和but连用，但可以同yet(still)连用。

  Though she was poor, yet she wanted to buy that dress.

  尽管她很贫穷，然而她还是想买那件礼服。 

  Although it wasn't dangerous, the teacher didn't allow them to swim.

  虽然不危险，老师还是不让他们去游泳。

·as though:好像，仿佛，

·even though:即使，纵然,

·固定短语中不能用 although

  She closed her eyes as though she were tired.

  她闭上眼，仿佛很疲劳似的。

  He is an honest man, I must say, even though I have opposed him.

  尽管我反对过他，我还得说他是一个诚实的人。

 

III. Choose the answer

1. Why do scientists study xenotransplantation?

A. Because many of its experiments are successful.

B. Because animal organs are the same as humans’.

C. Because human-donated organs are easily rejected.

D. Because human-donated organs are in short supply.

 

2. What helped Bennett live longer than other xenotransplant patients?

A. The organ was gene-edited to avoid fast rejection.

B. The transplanted organ was from a pig, not other animals.

C. The transplanted heart was attached outside of his body.

D. Bennett’s heart was put into another patient’s body.

 

3. The xenotransplant success shows that _____.

A. patients with xenotransplants won’t die in the future

B. gene-editing is a mistake in the field of xenotransplants

C. xenotransplants is developing step by step

D. xenotransplant experiments will only fail sometimes

 

IV. Words in use

A. Fill in the blanks.

1.She was on a wait list for a liver ______ (移植).

2. Linda ______ the bus every morning. (等待)

3. Zhang Yimou is a famous d______.

4. F______ is the mother of success.

5. She lives ______, but she doesn’t feel ______.

 

B. Choose the answer.

1. This is a ______ of the sports meeting.

A. fail                      B. failed   

C. failing                   D. failure

 

2. His grandparents live ______ in a small house, but they didn't feel ______.

A. lonely alone         B. alone lonely

C. lonely lonely        D. lonely lonely

 

3. I have ______ all my papers but I can’t find my notes.

A. looked through       B. looked for  

C. looked after       D. look out

 

4. – What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one? 

  – I hope it will ______ like a book.

A. taste                        B. sound

C. look                        D. smell

 

5. – Have you ever heard the song Welcome to Beijing?

  – Yes, it ______ nice.

A. hears                      B. sounds       

C. looks                       D. listens

 

参考答案

III. 1. In the US alone, over 100,000 patients (病人) are on a list waiting for new organs. Many of them will die before getting their chance to receive a heart, lung or kidney (肾). Therefore, medical science has turned to animal organs.

在美国，超过十万的病人正在等待器官移植。许多病人没有机会接受心脏、肺、肾的移植直到去世之前、因此，医学实验转向了动物器官。所以本题选D，由于人类器官捐赠供应不足，所以只能用动物器官。

2. Bennett lived much longer than other xenotransplant patients. That’s because scientists removed pig genes (基因) that would cause fast rejection. Then they added human genes to help the body accept the organ.

Bennett活的比其他器官移植的病人要长一些，这是由于科学家去除了会导致排斥的猪的基因。他们增加了人类基因帮助身体接受适应器官。所以本题选A。

3. Though these recent successes were short-lived, they show that there may be a way forward for xenotransplants.

尽管这些最近的成功案例存活的时间很短，但是却表明异种器官移植在逐渐进步。所以选C。

IV. A: 1. transplant 2. waits for 3. director 4. failure 5. alone; lonely

   B: DBBCB