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初二教案 第773期(1)
发布时间:2022-04-25

本期配套教案共2页:  1  2

37/773期初二教案

作者:李红

Beijing’s backbone (P4-5)

Pre-reading

Free Talk

Have you ever been to Beijing? Can you introduce some famous buildings?

 

While reading

People have backbones (脊梁). So do cities. For Beijing, a city with 3,000 years of history, its backbone is the central axis (中轴线). The central axis refers to () the line that separates (分开) the eastern and western parts of Beijing. At 7.8 kilometers long, it runs from Yongding Gate in the south to the Bell Tower and Drum Tower in the north.

axis [ˈæksɪs] : n. 轴,轴线;对称中心线;

翻译:中轴线指的是把北京分成东部和西部的那条“线”。

练习:地球环绕自身的轴心转动。

Earth revolves on its axis.

 

Along the axis, there are many important buildings, including Tiananmen Square, Jingshan Park, the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, and so on. It organized the palaces, temples (庙宇) and altars (祭坛), markets (集市) and streets in ancient times.

include [ɪnˈkluːd]v. 包含;把……列为一部分,把……算入

翻译:沿着中轴线有很多重要建筑,包括天安门广场、景山公园、故宫、天坛等等。

练习:包括我本人在内的许多学生都是书籍爱好者。

Many students, myself included, are book lovers.

 

The central axis has influenced the city for hundreds of years. Its building started in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), and continued during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Today, modern buildings are located along the extended (延展的) line of the axis. They include the National Stadium in the north, and Beijing Daxing International Airport in the south.

locate [ləʊˈkeɪt]v. 设立,建立;位于;迁居,开办公司;

翻译:如今,现代建筑建立在这条中轴线的延展线上。

练习:现在我们需要一种方法来定位这个锚点。

Now we need a way to locate this anchor.

 

Why the central axis? It shows important ideas from traditional Chinese culture. Ancient people saw the center of places as important. When building cities, they put royal palaces (皇家宫殿) in the center to stress the importance of imperial power. Other important buildings were built around the center. It was to pursue balance, order and symmetry (对称).

stress [stres]: n. 压力;强调;重音;v. 强调;重读;紧张;

翻译:建设城市的时候,他们把皇家宫殿放在中心来强调其皇权的重要性。

练习:头痛可能是紧张的迹象。

Headaches may be a sign of stress.

 

Beijing was not the first city to use a central axis. During the Three Kingdoms period (220-280), the city Yecheng had a street running from the east to the west. It separated the royal palaces from common people’s living and business areas.

separate...from... 把……和……区分开

common [ˈkɒmən] : adj. 共同的,共享的;普遍的,平凡的;

翻译:它把皇家宫殿和普通人的生活和经营区域分隔开来。

练习:传说与事实很难分辨。

It is difficult to separate legend from truth.

我来谈谈一些常见的错误认识。

Let me deal with some common misconceptions.

 

In Chang’an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), there was a wide street from the north to the south. It made the city symmetrical.

The central axis is more than a material relic. It is also a continuation (延续) of the traditional Chinese city layout concept,usaid Shan Jixiang, former (以前的) director of the Palace Museum. 

layout [ˈleɪaʊt]n. 布局,设计;版面设计;陈列品

翻译:它也是一种传统中国城市布局理念的延续。

练习:他尽全力回忆那教室的布局。

He tried to recall the layout of the classroom.

 

Post-reading

Project

You are an urban planner(城市规划师). How will you design a city? You can discuss with your partners and draw a picture of your dream city.

 

Practice

1. In ancient China, building the central axis was a way to _____.

A. name heritage sites

B. build more famous buildings

C. organize buildings in a city

D. separate people from each other

 

2. Which modern buildings sit along the extended line of the axis in Beijing?

A. The Bell Tower and Drum Tower.

B. Zhengyang Gate and Tian’anmen Square.

C. The Forbidden City and Tian’anmen Square.

D. The National Stadium and Beijing Daxing International Airport.

 

3. What did the center of places symbolize in ancient China?

A. Ideas and creativity.

B. Importance and royal power.

C. Balance and health.

D. Stress and pressure.

 

4. What role did the central axis in Yecheng play during the Three Kingdoms?

A. It offered more wide streets.

B. It directed people to live in different areas.

C. It separated urban areas with different functions.

D. It divided the royal palaces into different parts.

 

完成句子。

1. I have been to many cities, i_____ Beijing, Wuhan, Qingdao and Guangzhou.

2. Can you l_____ the position of my cellphone?

3. Parents and teachers always s_____ the importance of studying and reading.

4. Peter and I have a c_____ interest in badminton.

 

翻译句子。

1. To pursue balance, order and symmetry, ancient people divided the city into different functions around its center.

 

2. More than a material relic, the central axis also allows us to remember the traditional Chinese city layout concept.

 

1. 当把学习和生活区分开,你会发现更多乐趣而不是焦虑。

 

2. 至于参观古迹,它不仅仅是一项有益身心的活动。

 

参考答案:

1. 本题为细节理解题。由It organized the palaces, temples and altars, markets and streets in ancient times.可知,中轴线在古代有规划宫殿、庙宇、祭坛等建筑的作用。故正确答案是C选项。

2. 本题为细节理解题。由They include the National Stadium in the north, and Beijing Daxing International Airport in the south.可知正确答案为D选项。

3. 本题为细节理解题。由...they put royal palaces in the center to stress the importance of imperial power 可知,皇家宫殿位于中心,是因为其皇权的重要性,所以答案为B选项。

4. 本题为理解推断题。由文中信息可知,中轴线在三国时期用来区分皇家宫殿,以及平民生活和经营的区域。也就是将城市划分为不同功能区,所以答案为C选项。

 

完成句子。

1. including  2. locate  3. stress  4. common

 

翻译句子。

1. 为了追求平衡、秩序和对称,古代人围绕城市中心区分了不同的功能区。

2. 不仅仅是物质遗产,中轴线也使我们记住了古代中国城市的布局理念。

1. To separate study from life, you will find more fun instead of anxiety.

2. As for visiting places of interest, it is more than a wholesome activity. 

本期配套教案共2页:  1  2

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