第44/780期初二教案

作者：李红

 

A long, winding history (P4-5)

Pre-reading

Free Talk

• Which dynasty in Chinese history do you like most? Why?

• Do you know anything about the origins of Chinese culture?

 

While reading

When did Chinese civilization (文明) start? After 20 years of research, Chinese experts have their own definitions (定义) and answers. China’s national project to trace (追溯) the origins of Chinese civilization started in 2002. About 400 experts across the country have taken part in the project.

origin [ˈɒrɪdʒɪn]: n. 起源；产地  across the country:  遍布全国

翻译：追溯中国文明起源的国家项目开始于2002年。

练习：他们正在讨论生命的起源。

They are talking about the origin of life.

 

According to their findings, Chinese civilization can be traced back more than 5,000 years based on research done on many of the country’s ruins, China Daily reported. For example, Liangzhu site in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, dates back 5,300 years. It is the ruins of a capital-level city of a regional (地区性的) state.

based on：以…为基础，基于；改编自

ruin [ˈruːɪn]: n. 遗迹，废墟；残存部分

翻译：根据他们的调查结果，基于对众多国家遗迹的研究可以发现中华文明可以追溯到5000多年前。

练习：那些房子当时正日渐没落。

The houses were falling into ruin.

 

There was an inner city with an area of nearly 3 million square meters and a larger outer city. People at that time grew rice and used jade (玉) to make precious items. Erlitou site in Luoyang, Henan province, dates back between 3,750 and 3,550 years. It was probably the capital of the Xia Dynasty (c.21st-16th century BC), the first central dynasty recorded in Chinese history.

precious [ˈpreʃəs]: adj. 宝贵的; 珍视的    date back: 追溯到

翻译：那时候的人们种植水稻，并用美玉制作宝贵的物件。

练习：家人的支持对琳达来说非常珍贵。

Her family's support is very precious to Linda.

 

The research helps us better understand Chinese civilization, according to Wang Wei, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Its development never stopped. Different roots of the civilization were linked (连接) and often influenced each other. “They gradually formed a shared community,” he said.

root [ruːt]: n. 起源，背景；(植物的)根茎；根部；底部

gradually [ˈɡrædʒuəli]: adv. 逐渐地，逐步地

翻译：不同文明的起源被连接在一起，经常互相影响。他

说，“他们逐渐形成一个共享的社区”。

练习：到了下午，云渐渐消失了。

In the afternoon, the clouds gradually disappeared.

 

Chinese civilization is inclusive (包容的) as well. Growing wheat, keeping cattle and metallurgy (冶金术), which all started in West Asia, were introduced into Zhongyuan, the Central Plains region more than 4,500 years ago.

plain [pleɪn]: n. (大)平原；朴实无华的东西

adj. 朴素的；单色的；表达清楚的；普通的；

翻译：起源于西亚的小麦种植、牛群饲养和炼金术，4500多年前被引进到“中原”——中部大平原地区。

练习：在这片平原上曾经生活着7000万头牛。

Once there were 70 million oxen on the plains.

 

China then developed its own ceremonial (祭祀的) civilization with bronze wares (青铜器). China also shares some key cultural elements, such as the planting of millet (粟), with the rest of the world.

element [ˈelɪmənt]: n. 基本部分，要素；元素；基本原理

翻译：中国也同世界其他地区分享一些重要的文化基础，比如说种植小米。

练习：客户关系是这项工作的一个重要因素。              

Customer relations is an important element of the job.

 

Post-reading

Group work

Search for more information about Liangzhu site. Discuss with your classmates and make a report.

 

Practice

Choose the answer:

1. What do we know about China’s national project to trace the origins of Chinese civilization?

A. It will continue for the next 20 years.

B. No clear answers or results have been reached yet.

C. It started 20 years ago.

D. About 400 experts around the world took part in it.

 

2. Which of the following is correct about the Liangzhu site?

A. Its inner city was larger than the outer one.

B. It was the capital of the first central dynasty recorded in Chinese history.

C. It shows that people grew rice there about 5000 years ago.

D. Jade money has been found there.

 

3. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. China worked with other countries to make bronze wares.

B. China has a history of about 4500 years.

C. Planting millet was common in China and other parts of the world.

D. Countries in West Asia learned to grow wheat from China.

 

完成句子。

1. What is your country of o_____ ?

2. After two months of lockdown, every hour at school was p____.

3. The weather g_____ improved.

4. Cost was a key e______ in our decision.

 

across the country;    based on;    date back

1. The book is _______ his personal experience.

2. The winds of change are blowing ___________.  

3. The tradition might ________ to 300 BC.

 

参考答案：

1. 本题为细节理解题。由第一段中After 20 years of research...可知，根据20多年的研究发现，中国专家有了自己关于文明起源的定义和答案。且其他有关数字20、400的选项均为错误选项，故正确答案是C选项。

2. 本题为细节理解题。由第四段dates back to 5300 years和people at that time grew rice可知，正确答案为C选项。

3. 本题为推理判断题。由最后一句可知，中国同其他地区共享小米种植要素。可以推断小米种植很普遍，故答案为C选项。

 

完成句子。

1. origin  2. precious  3. gradually  4. element

1. based on  2. across the country  3. date back