一、动词的时态和语态

确定时态的关键在于对各种时态在以下三方面的基本意义要有明确的理解，同时还要在英语实践中体会和运用才能真正学会它们。这三个方面包括：

谈论什么时间的动作？

体现了动作的进行、继续还是完成？

是否体现了与某个相对的时间或事件的关系？

请把下面各种时态和它们的中文简要解释用线连接起来。

1.一般现在时

2.现在进行时

3.一般过去时

4.过去完成时

5.过去进行时

6.现在完成时

7.现在完成进行时

8.一般将来时

A. 用来表示现在这一阶段正在发生的动作

B. 用来谈论过去某时正在进行的动作

C. 用于谈论过去发生的动作或情况

D. 表达将要发生的动作或事件

E. 表达某动作比过去某时间还要早或在过去某一时刻前已

经完成

F. 用来表示与现在有关的一个过去已经开始而且现在仍在进

行并且有可能持续下去的动作

G. 用来表示永久的状况或经常、反复发生或随时都在发生

的动作

H. 用于表示一个已经完成的动作在某些方面与现在有关系

Key: 1-G; 2-A; 3-C; 4-E; 5-B; 6-H; 7-F; 8-D.

语态：主动语态用来表示人或物做些什么；而表示人或物出了什么事，也就是说他们承受了什么，则常用被动语态。

主动式的宾语和被动式的主语是相对应的。由此可以想到，有些词是没有被动的，因为英语有些词是不及物动词，比如come, arrive, die等等。另外，通常语态的考查都是和时态紧密结合的。

实战练习：

从下面的A、B、C、D中选出能填入空中最合适的选项。

1. – Ann is in hospital.

– Oh, really? I ____ know. I ____ go and visit her. (09江苏)

A. didn’t; am going to B. don’t; would C. don’t; will D. didn’t; will

2. Progress ____ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. (09全国II)

A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be

3. She stared at the painting, wondering where she ____ it. (09重庆)

A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen

4. Daniel’s family ____ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. (09安徽)

A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying

5. – Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?

– Sorry. ____. (09江苏)

A. It’ s repaired B. It has been repaired

C. It’s being repaired D. It had been repaired

6. Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair ____ all day. Could you speak to her now? (09辽宁)

A. phones B. has phoned C. has been phoning D. phoned

7. When he ____ the door, he found his keys were nowhere. (09湖南)

A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open

8. This is the first time we ______ a film in the cinema together as a family. (09陕西)

A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen

9. –You speak very good French!

–Thanks. I ______ French in Sichuan University for four years. (09四川)

A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied

10. Dr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ____ visit Beijing this summer. (09陕西)

A. is gong to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to

二、定语从句

先看下面的两组例句：



定语从句在句子中的功能是定语，用来修饰名词或代词，这个名词或代词叫先行词，有的时候先行词也可能是句子，比如第2例。

突破定语从句的关键：

1. 根据要表达的句子意思，确定定语从句的先行词，以及先行词在从句中的意义和语法成分，从而决定相应的连接词。

例如：例1中先行词the day和介词on一起作从句的时间状语，所以用when或on which做连接词。

2. 需要掌握好简单句的句子结构，还有词汇（尤其是动词）的用法。一个好的办法就是多练练拆分或组合句子，不明白的定语从句可以还原成两个（或多个）简单句，来进一步巩固这方面的理解和运用。

例如：He was educated at the local high school, _______ he went on to Beijing University. (07江苏)

A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that

还原：He was educated at the local high school. After that, he went on to Beijing University. 所以，要用after which对前面的句子作补充。

实战练习：

从下面的A、B、C、D中选出能填入空中最合适的选项。

1. Many children, ____ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. (09安徽)

A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom

2. Mozart’s birthplace and the house ______ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now. (09上海)

A. where B. when C. there D. which

3. My friend showed me round the town, ____ was very kind of him. (09全国II)

A. which B. that C. where D. it

4. She brought with her three friends, none of ____ I had ever met before. (09全国I)

A. them B. who C. whom D. these

5. – What do you think of teaching, Bob?

– I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ____ you are doing something serious but interesting. (09北京)

A. where B. which C. when D. that

6. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (09江苏)

A. if B. when C. which D. since

7. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ____ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (09湖南)

A. which B. of which C. that D. whose

8. They’ve won their last three matches, ____ I find a bit surprising actually. (09辽宁)

A. that B. when C. what D. which

9. Gun control is a subject ____ Americans have argued for a long time. (09陕西)

A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which

10. I have reached a point in my life ____ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (09浙江)

A. which B. where C. how D. why

(答案见C7版)