2019-2020学年度第40期总第793期
Thinking through the truth (P4-5)
山西省灵石县第一中学       任立琴

I. Warm-up
How much do you know about philosophy?

1). Philosophy is the study about_____
 A. truth  B. origin C. reasons
2) _____is “the birthplace of philosophy”.
 A. China  B. Ancient Greece  C. France
3)Which of them is not a philosopher?
 A. Confucius  B. Socrates    C. Newton
4)Who is “the father of western philosophy”?
  A. Aristotle  B. Socrates   C. Plato
 5) Science has nothing to do with philosophy. This statement is_____
  A. right  B. wrong   C. not sure
6) Socialism was founded by _____.
 A. Karl Marx  B. Rosseau   C. Stalin
7) “Treat others in the way you want to be treated” was said by ____.
   A. Confucius  B. Mencius   C. Laozi

II. Read for general information
Which of the following topics are mentioned in the article? Please circle them.

origin    history    birthplace    meaning
importance    philosophers   popularity
great works

Divide the article into 4 parts and summarize the main idea.
IntroductionPhilosophy in western schoolsThe importance of studying philosophyConclusion
Part 1   (1)      
Part 2 (2-4)  
Part 3 (5-8)    
Part 4  (9)       

III. Read for details
The function of paragraph 1 is to____.
 A. lead up to the topic 
 B. ask readers to answer the answers

Read part 2 and decide whether  the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
High school students in France have to study philosophy. 
(F. In France, the Ministry of Education requires that philosophy be taught to high school students and included in the baccalaureat.)

require   vt.  要求，需求       
 require sth.        
 require sth of sb.   
 require sb to do … 
 require that sb (should) do sth
           (sth) require doing …/ to be done

注意：
require后面加宾语从句时，从句中用虚拟语气，即 should +动词原形, should 可以省略。类似用法的词还有insist， suggest，advise，propose，order，command，request， demand，desire等。
require后面可以跟doing，用主动表示被动。类似用法的词还有need，want(需要)等。

2.  Baccalaureat for French students is like gaokao for Chinese students.
(T. Such philosophical questions are likely to rack the brains of French students trying to pass the baccalaureat, the equivalent to China’s gaokao, held annually in June.)

3. French students find it easy to study philosophy.
(F. Such philosophical questions are likely to rack the brains of French students trying to pass the baccalaureat, the equivalent to China’s gaokao, held annually in June.)

4. French people don’t take philosophy seriously.
(F. French people even have a joke that a grilling (拷问) of philosophy questions is a coming-of-age tradition for high school students.)
 That引导的从句在句中作同位语同位语。同位语从句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有丰富内涵的抽象名词后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容，通常用that作连接词，且不能省略。也可用how, when, where, whether等。
For example:
   I have no idea whether/when/how he will come.

试区分以下句子
Do you know for a fact that he stole the car? (同从)
Do you know for a fact that they were talking about you? (定从)
注意：1. 定语从句，从句是不完整的，关系词充当成分；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。
      2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。

即学即练
1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.
2.The news that is spreading around the airport is  that a heavy storm is coming.
3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.
Key: 1. 同从 2. 定从 3. 同从 4. 定从

Read part 3 and answer：

1. Why is learning philosophy important?
Learning philosophy doesn't only benefit our study, but can also help us keep a positive attitude.

2. How does philosophy benefit our study?
(1) Philosophy connects to and guides all the other subjects.
(2) Questions about ethics and free will deepen students' appreciation for great literature, and analysis of the mind-body problem and free will afford students a critical perspective when they study the brain in psychology.

appreciate v.
一词多义：1.欣赏，赏识
 2.感谢，感激
 3.体会，领会，察知
 4.正确地评价，鉴别
结构 
appreciate one’s kindness/ goodness in doing..
appreciate it very much if you could  
… is much appreciated    …大受欣赏

Translate the following sentences.
1. I’d appreciate it very much if you could  type this letter for me.
2. Her talent for music was not appreciated.
3. They deeply appreciated his kindness.
4. I am afraid you have not appreciated the urgency of the matter.
5. Houses in that area have appreciated since the new road was built.

 

IV. Language focus

Words and expressions
逃离，逃脱
escape fromdiversified culturebe likely to...written testaccording tosecondary school curriculuma long traditionwestern countriesrequire sb to dothe reason forbe involved insolve problemsnot only...but alsobe rooted in
多样的文化
可能......
书面测试
根据
中学课程
一个悠久的传统
西方国家
要求某人做某事
......的原因
包括，被卷入，涉及到
解决问题
不仅……而且……
深植于，扎根于

Sentence
Such philosophical questions are likely to rack the brains of French students trying to pass the baccalaureat, the equivalent to China’s gaokao, held annually in June.
该句的主干为Such philosophical questions are likely to rack the brains of French students, trying结构为现在分词作后置定语,修饰students, held结构为过去分词作后置定语,修饰gaokao。
释义：这些哲学问题可能折磨着那些努力通过每年6月高中毕业会考的法国学生，这一考试类似于中国的高考。

VII. Further information
Great philosophers in China
     Confucius stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society has been influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.

        Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. For many years he traveled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called the Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.

       Born in 476 BC, Mozi came from a very poor family. He founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His ides of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war.

2019-2020学年度第40期总第793期
Measuring Qomolangma (P6)
山东省烟台第二中学 赵娜娜

Lead-in
Do you know what mountain this is?
Mount Qomolangma

What do you know about Qomolangma? Share the information with the class.
Location: lies on the border of Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China
Temperature on the mountain: as low as -60℃
Summit: ?
The exact measurement of the world’s highest mountain has never been settled.

Brainstorming
Look at the title and predict which information may be included in the article.
height
Importance scenery
difficulties
Low temperature   deaths   Qomolangma
technology

Fast-reading

Find the main idea of each part.

 

Read the article carefully and answer the following questions.
1. What are the results of previous surveys?
 

2. What makes measuring Qomolangma a difficult task?
 

3. Why does a difference of a few meters matter in terms of a gigantic mountain?

 

Post-reading
Look at this picture. What do you want to say to the survey team?

 

Language study
1.最初结果
2.达到……高度
3. 被广泛承认
4. 出发
5. 解决分歧
6. 无法保证……
7. 在极端条件下
8. 当提到……
9. 得到第一手信息
10. 驱动力
11. 青藏高原
12. 以做……结束
 
 

Sentence analysis
1. While this initial (最初的) result showed that Qomolangma reached a height of 8,840 meters above sea level, the exact measurement of the world’s highest mountain has never been settled.

while conj. 引导让步状语从句，可用although / though代替。

尽管我理解你，但我不能同意你的观点。
 While I understand you, I can’t agree with you.

while 还可引导时间状语从句和表对比的并列句。
We must work hard while we are young. (时间)
I love playing basketball while my deskmate loves tennis. (对比)

2. Located at the point where the Eurasian plate meets the Indian plate, Mount Qomolangma emerged from an ocean 38 million years ago as a result of the two plates colliding, which makes it the perfect window for observing crustal movements.
located在此为非谓语动词作状语，和主句主语Mount Qomolangma之间是被动关系; where引导定语从句，修饰先行词point；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面句子提到的情况，在定语从句中作主语。

3. On May 6, a 30-member Chinese survey team set out to reach the peak of Qomolangma, equipped with the latest technology – including a Global Navigation Satellite System receiver and a radar to measure the mountain’s snow cap – and is determined to settle the dispute.

including  prep. (+n./ v-ing) 包括其中
There have been eight “whistle-blowers” during the outbreak of COVID-19, including Li Wenliang.

Homework
Search for more information about Qomolangma and share with your classmates.