第14/757期初二课件

作者：汤红梅

Miracle ‘belongs to the world’ (P6)

Pre-reading

Do you know the men in this picture?

They are Frederick Banting, a Canadian doctor, and his assistant Charles Best.

In 1921, Frederick Banting successfully took insulin from a dog. From then on, insulin has come to the fore in the fight against diabetes.

 

While reading

  This year is the 100th anniversary (周年) of the discovery of insulin (胰岛素). Before 1921, children and adults with diabetes (糖尿病) most often died within a few days or months. Insulin lengthens (加长) this timeline to decades.

discovery  [dɪˈskʌvəri]:  n.  发现; 发现的事物/人;

翻译：今年是发现胰岛素的100周年。

练习：这种药并不是什么新发现。

The drug is not a new discovery.

 

decade  [ˈdekeɪd] :  n.  十年

翻译：胰岛素将这个时间线延长到几十年。

练习：过去十年来物价一直上涨。

Prices have risen steadily during the past decade .

 

  Back in the 16th century BC, there were records about this “terrible disease (疾病)”. People suffered from thirst (口渴) and lots of urination (排尿), and soon died in pain. These were all caused by high levels of blood sugar. For thousands of years, humans didn’t know how to deal with it.

record ：n.  记录，记载; 唱片; （体育运动或活动的）纪录; 履历; 案底; V. 记录；记载; 录制; 标明，显示;

翻译：早在公元前16世纪，就有关于这种“可怕的疾病”的记录

练习：你应该记下你的各项开支。

You should keep a record of your expenses.

 

This changed in the 1880s. That’s when scientists learned that a special substance (物质) in our bodies could control blood sugar. But at first, they didn’t know what it was. When they finally understood that it was insulin, there was a new problem: How to get it.

control [kənˈtrəʊl] ：v.  指挥; 控制;  限制; 阻止蔓延; 抑制;

翻译：就在那时，科学家们发现我们体内的一种特殊物质（物质）可以控制血糖。

练习：现在整个城市都在军队的控制之下。 

The whole city is now controlled by the army.

 

In 1921, Frederick Banting, a Canadian doctor, successfully took insulin from one dog and used it to treat another dog with diabetes. Later, Banting and Scottish scientist John Macleod made a more purified (提纯的) form of insulin. They used it to successfully treat a 14-year-old boy who was dying from diabetes.

dying[ˈdaɪɪŋ] : adj.  临终的; 垂死的;

翻译：他们用它成功治疗了一名濒临死于糖尿病的14岁男孩。

练习：我快要渴死了。I'm dying of thirst.

 

In 1923, Banting and Macleod received a Nobel Prize for their important breakthrough (突破) in medical history. To help many people easily get the medicine, they sold the patent (专利) for just one dollar. “Insulin belongs to the world, not to me,” said Banting.

receive [rɪˈsiːv]：v.  收到,得到; 承受; 对…作出反应; 收听/看;

翻译：1923年，Banting 和 Macleod因其在医学史上的重大突破而获得诺贝尔奖

练习：她亲自前往纽约领奖。

She went to New York to receive the award in person. 

belong to:属于；是（某团体、国家等）的成员；属于（某时期）；归于;

翻译：胰岛素属于这个世界，而不是属于我

练习：这栋房子一定是约翰的。

This house must belong to John. 

 

Today, there are more than 400 million people on Earth with diabetes. Insulin gives them a fighting chance to live.

fighting['faɪtɪŋ] ：adj.  战斗的; 好战的; 作战用的; 适于打斗的; n. 战斗; 斗志; 宣战言论; 微小但值得一搏的机会;

chance[tʃɑːns]: n.  可能性; 机会; 风险; 意外

翻译：胰岛素给了他们生存的机会。

练习：他眼睛里闪出好斗的光芒。

Into his eyes came a fighting light.

我没有给他说话的机会。

I didn't give him a chance to say a word.

 

Post-reading

It is very important for people with diabetes to have a healthy lifestyle. What is a healthy diet? What are healthy activities? Do you have any suggestions?

 

Practice

Choose the answer:

1. What can insulin do for people with diabetes?

A. Make them urinate more often.

B. Make their diabetes go away.

C. Help them stay thirsty.

D. Help them live longer.

 

2. When did scientists find the role of insulin?

A. In the 1880s.     B. In the 1980s.

C. In 1921.            D. In 1923.

 

3. What is the correct order of events in the development of insulin?

① Scientists used the insulin on a dog.

② Scientists found insulin can control blood sugar.

③ Scientists got insulin from a dog.

④ Scientists helped a human boy with insulin.

⑤ Scientists made a more purified form of insulin.

A. ③②①⑤④          B. ②⑤④③①   

C. ②③①⑤④         D. ③①⑤④②

 

4. Why did the two scientists sell their patent at a low price?

A. They wanted to win the Nobel Prize.

B. They wanted to share the fruits of their research with the whole world.

C. They didn’t think their discovery was worth much money.

D. They wanted to help other scientists do medical research.

 

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The lives of people with diabetes.

B. Different ways to treat diabetes in the past.

C. The discovery of insulin and its importance.

D. Nobel Prize winners and their different experiences.

 

 

1. She holds the world ______ (纪录) for the long jump

2. The lorry ran down the hill out of ______ (控制). 

3. She was ______ (生命垂危) and he would lose her.

4. Please give me a _____(机会) to explain.

5. I ________(收到) a letter from my family yesterday.

 

belong to, suffer from, in pain, more than, deal with

1. The wounded animal roared(吼叫) out ________.

2. It ________ john and not to you.

3. I often ________unaccountable headaches.

4. We have a lot of letters to ________.

5. ________ a thousand men were lost.

 

参考答案

1. 本题为细节题。由第一段Insulin lengthens  this timeline to decades可知，胰岛素帮助糖尿病患者延长了生命，故D为正确答案。

2. 本题为细节查找题。由第二段This changed in the 1880s. That’s when scientists learned that a special substance in our bodies could control blood sugar可知，科学家发现胰岛素的作用是在1880s, 故A为正确答案。

3. 此题为细节信息题。将胰岛素发展的五条细节信息按时间顺序进行排序，由第二、三段可知，C为正确答案。

4. 本题为细节推理题，由第四段Insulin belongs to the world, not to me可知，他认为胰岛素属于世界，应该为世界服务，所以他以一美元的低价卖出研究成果，故B为正确答案。

5. 本题为归纳主旨题，由文意可知，介绍了胰岛素发现的过程以及它对糖尿病治疗所起的作用，故C为正确答案。

1. record   2. control  3. dying  4. chance  5. received

1. in pain  2. belongs to  3. suffer from  4. deal with   5. More than