第42/691期初三教案

陶伟哲

 

 

Beijing’s treasures line up (P4-5)

 

 

I. New words

1. The Forbidden City? Tian’anmen Square? The Temple of Heaven?

·The Forbidden City紫禁城

·Tian’anmen Square

·The Temple of Heaven天坛

 

2. As the best-preserved (保存最完好的) core area of the old city of Beijing, the central axis is now under consideration for UNESCO’s World Heritage status.

·core [kɔː(r)]

  n. 果核；中心部分；核心，要点

  Someone threw an apple core.

  有人扔了一个苹果核。

  adj. 核心的，最重要的；基础的，必修的

  We have our core team in place.

  我们的核心队伍已经就位。

 

3. As the best-preserved (保存最完好的) core area of the old city of Beijing, the central axis is now under consideration for UNESCO’s World Heritage status.

·consideration [kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn]

  n. 考虑，斟酌；

  There should be careful consideration about the use of toxic chemicals.

  应有对这些有毒化学品的使用的慎重考虑。

 

4. As the best-preserved (保存最完好的) core area of the old city of Beijing, the central axis is now under consideration for UNESCO’s World Heritage status.

·heritage[ˈherɪtɪdʒ]

  n. 遗产，传统，世袭财产

  The building is part of our national heritage.

  这个建筑是我们民族遗产的一部分。

 

5. As the best-preserved (保存最完好的) core area of the old city of Beijing, the central axis is now under consideration for UNESCO’s World Heritage status.

·status [ˈsteɪtəs]

  n. 法律地位（或身份）；（尤指在社会中的）地位，身份

  The ads helped Nike to achieve its iconic status.

  这些广告帮助耐克公司成就了偶像地位。

 

6. It smartly organized the palaces, temples and altars (祭坛), markets and streets in ancient times, UNESCO noted.

·smartly [ˈsmɑːtli]

  adv. 巧妙地；漂亮地；潇洒地；

  Using deadlines smartly can motivate you with less pressure.

  巧妙地使用截止日期可以减轻压力并激励你。

  The woman was smartly dressed and well-spoken.

  那位女士穿着大方，谈吐得体。

 

7. This stressed the importance of imperial power (皇权), as the royal palace (皇家宫殿) would be in the central spot.

·stress [stres]

  n. 精神压力，紧张；

  Headaches may be a sign of stress.

  头痛可能是紧张的迹象。

  v. 强调，着重

  China's leaders have stressed the need.

  中国领导人已经强调了这项需要。

 

8. This stressed the importance of imperial power (皇权), as the royal palace (皇家宫殿) would be in the central spot.

·spot [spɒt]

  n. 地点，场所；

  They stayed at several of the island's top tourist spots.

  他们在岛上几个最好的旅游景点呆过。

 

9. For example, the Imperial Ancestral Temple was to the east of the Forbidden City, while the Altar of Land and Grain lay to the west.

·the Altar of Land and Grain社稷坛

  明清帝王祭祀地神和谷神的地方

·the Imperial Ancestral Temple太庙

  明清两代的皇家太庙

 

10. It runs from the south to the north, the same as the direction of a meridian (子午线).

·meridian [məˈrɪdiən]

  n. 子午线，经线

  Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian is a terrible book.

  科马克·麦卡锡的《血色子午线》是一本令人震惊的书。

 

11. The ritual (礼) culture that started from the Zhou Dynasty (11th century-256 BC) stressed balance, symmetry (对称) and order.

·ritual [ˈrɪtʃuəl]

  n.（宗教等的）仪式，典礼；

  This is the most ancient and holiest of the Shinto rituals.

  这是最古老、最神圣的神道教仪式。

 

12. The ritual (礼) culture that started from the Zhou Dynasty (11th century-256 BC) stressed balance, symmetry (对称) and order.

·symmetry [ˈsɪmətri]

  n. 对称（性）；相似，相等

  Classical dance in its purest form requires symmetry and balance.

  真正的古典舞蹈要求对称与平衡。

 

13. There are lots of symmetric buildings along the axis.

·symmetric [sɪ'metrɪk]

  adj. 对称的

  It's perfectly symmetric.

  它是完全对称的。

 

14. “The unique, sublime (壮丽的) and magnificent spatial order of Beijing was generated (产生) by this central axis,” said Liang Sicheng, a famous architect.

·sublime [səˈblaɪm]

  adj. 崇高的，壮丽的，令人赞叹的

  Now we are rewarded for our sublime faith in a mother's love.

  因为我们对母爱的崇高信念，我们现在得到了回报。

 

15. “The unique, sublime (壮丽的) and magnificent spatial order of Beijing was generated (产生) by this central axis,” said Liang Sicheng, a famous architect.

·magnificent [mæɡˈnɪfɪs(ə)nt]

  adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的；

  The Taj Mahal is a magnificent building.

  泰姬陵是一座宏伟的建筑。

  The scenery is magnificent.

  景色壮丽。

 

16. “The unique, sublime (壮丽的) and magnificent spatial order of Beijing was generated (产生) by this central axis,” said Liang Sicheng, a famous architect.

·spatial [ˈspeɪʃ(ə)l]

  adj. 空间的，与空间有关的

  Their strengths in memory and spatial skills matched.

  他们的记忆力和空间技能一样。

 

17. “The unique, sublime (壮丽的) and magnificent spatial order of Beijing was generated (产生) by this central axis,” said Liang Sicheng, a famous architect.

·architect [ˈɑːkɪtekt]

  n. 建筑师；设计师，缔造者

  The architect is drawing up plans for the new offices.

  建筑师正在绘制新办公楼的设计图。

 

II. Key points

1. What comes to your mind when you think of Beijing?

·come to your mind  浮现在你的脑海中

·in one’s mind  在......的头脑中

·change one’s mind  改变注意

·make up one’s mind 下定决心

·set one’s mind to do 专注于做......

·mind doing 介意做......

·“Would /Do you mind doing sth？”意为： “你是否介意做某事？”

·“Would /Do you mind me doing sth？”意为： “你是否介意我做某事？”

  常用回答：

  1. 若表示“不介意”或“同意”时，常用否定形式。如：

  ① No, of course not.

  ② No, certainly not.

  ③ No, not at all.        

  ④ No, go ahead.

  2. 若表示“介意”或“不同意”时，则常用较委婉的方式加以拒绝。如：

  ① I'm sorry but …

  ② Sorry, you'd better not.

 

2. the central axis is now under consideration for UNESCO’s World Heritage status.

  现在北京中轴线申请联合国教科文组织遗产事宜正在考虑中。

·under consideration在考虑之中的

  The matter is under consideration.

  这件事正在考虑中。

·under control 在控制之中

  I've got everything under control.

  一切都已在我控制之中。

 

3. It smartly organized the palaces, temples and altars (祭坛), markets and streets in ancient times, UNESCO noted.

联合国教科文组织指出：在古代，它（北京中轴线）将宫殿、庙宇、祭坛、市场和街道巧妙地排列开。

·organize

  v. 组织，筹备；（按某一体系）整理，安排，规划

  They organize parties for singles.

  他们为单身者组织聚会。

  He has to organize his life round the kids.

  他不得不以孩子们为中心来安排自己的生活。

·organization n. 组织

  She performs an important role in our organization.

  她在我们的组织中发挥着重要的作用。

·organized adj. 有组织的，系统的；有条理的，有安排的；

  The conference was very well organized.

  这次会议组织得很好。

 

4. For example, the Imperial Ancestral Temple was to the east of the Forbidden City, while the Altar of Land and Grain lay to the west.

·to the east of 在......东边

·to, on, in 表方位的区别

  1. in 是“在……之内” ,即一个小地方处在一个大地方的 范围(疆域)之内;

  2. on 是“在……端/边”,即两个地方只是相 邻或接壤,却互不管辖;

  3. to 是“在……面”, 即一个地方在另一个地方的范围 之外,互不管辖.

·to, on, in 表方位的区别，如图所示：

 

Beijing is in the north of China.

北京在中国的北部。

 

Qomolangma is on the southern border of China.

朝鲜在中国的东北面。

 

Japan is to the east of China.

日本在中国的东边。

 

5. The central axis also shows traditional Chinese ideas like harmony between man and nature (天人合一) and following order.

中轴线也展示了中国传统思想，比如天人合一和遵循秩序。

·harmony  n. 和声，和弦；融洽，和睦；和谐，协调；

  The only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.

  我们生存的唯一途径就是与自然和谐相处。

 

6. It runs from the south to the north, the same as the direction of a meridian (子午线). The ritual (礼) culture that started from the Zhou Dynasty (11th century-256 BC) stressed balance, symmetry (对称) and order.

中轴线从南向北延伸，和子午线的方向一致。源于周朝（11世纪-公元前256年）的礼学文化强调平衡、对称和秩序。

·that started from the Zhou Dynasty (11th century -256 BC) 这部分是一个定语从句，修饰主语The ritual culture.

 

7. “The unique, sublime (壮丽的) and magnificent spatial order of Beijing was generated (产生) by this central axis,” said Liang Sicheng, a famous architect.

著名的建筑学家梁思成说：“北京独特壮丽且宏伟的空间秩序是依这条中轴线生成的。”

·was generated 生成

  This hatred was generated by prejudice.

  这种仇恨产生于偏见。

 

III. Write True (T) or False (F)

(    ) 1. The central axis is already on the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites.

(    ) 2. The central axis was built during the Yuan Dynasty.

(    ) 3. The central axis was a symbol of imperial power.

(    ) 4. Buildings in Beijing are located symmetrically along the central axis.

(    ) 5. Ancient Chinese people believed in the harmony between man and nature.

 

IV. Matching

The Altar of Land and Grain

The Imperial Ancestral Temple

Tian’anmen Square

The Temple of Heaven     

The Forbidden City

 

V. Translation

1. The central axis refers to (指) the “line” that separates the eastern and western parts of Beijing.

_________________________________________________

 

2. At 7.8 kilometers long, it runs from Yongding Gate in the south to the Bell Tower and Drum Tower in the north.

_________________________________________________

 

3. The central axis is like the backbone (脊梁) of Beijing.

_________________________________________________

 

4. Other important buildings were placed around it.

_________________________________________________

 

5. The Forbidden City is the most well-known.

_________________________________________________

 

VI. Choose the correct answer

1.  - Would you mind me asking you a question?

   - ____, as long as it won’t take long.

   A. Take care                  B. Never mind

   C. Go ahead                  D. Don’t worry

 

2. - So you are still sitting here, doing nothing!

  - Don’t worry, mum. I have everything _____.

   A. under the control                        B. under control

   C. beyond the control         D. beyond control

 

3. China is_____the east of Asia and _____the west  of Japan.

  A. in; to                           B. on; to      

  C. in; in                            D. on; in

 

4. A good _____ pays attention to details.

  A. organize                    B. organization  

  C. organized                               D. organizing

 

5. The color of the sofa is in ____ with the sitting room.

  A. core                            B.  spatial   

  C. sublime                        D. harmony

 

 

 

 

 

 

【参考答案】

III. 1. F. As the best-preserved (保存最完好的) core area of the old city of Beijing, the central axis is now under consideration for UNESCO’s World Heritage status.

从其所在的句子中的is now under consideration可以知道申遗正在考虑之中，所以题目中说on the list 已经在清单上是不对的。

2. F. Its building started in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), and continued during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

从文中原句可以看出，中轴线是于元朝开始建造，明清继续建造，所以题目中说元朝建造（完成）是错误的。

3. T. The central axis shows the traditional Chinese concept of “respecting the center”. This stressed the importance of imperial power (皇权), as the royal palace (皇家宫殿) would be in the central spot.

文中原句的意思是中轴线展示了中国人的传统观念：尊中（中间、中央、中正）这强调了皇权的重要性，因此皇家宫殿会位于中心位置。题目说中轴线是皇权的象征，所以是正确的。

4. F. There are lots of symmetric buildings along the axis. 有许多建筑是沿中轴线对称分布的，但并不是所有的建筑物都是这样，所以题目是错误的。

5. T. The central axis also shows traditional Chinese ideas like harmony between man and nature (天人合一) and following order.

由文章中这句话可知，中轴线也展示了中国人传统思想——天人合一和遵循秩序，因此题目是正确的。

IV. 社稷坛；太庙；天安门广场；天坛；紫禁城

V. 1. 中轴线指的是分开北京城东西两部分的那条“线”。

2. 它（中轴线）从南端的永定门延伸至北边的钟楼和鼓楼，全长7.8公里。

3. 中轴线就像是北京的脊梁。

4. 其它重要的建筑物分布在它的周围。

5. 紫禁城是最著名的。

VI. CBABD