2020-2021学年度第40期总第746期
Mapping hidden animals 
山西省灵石县第一中学
任立琴
 
I. Warm-up
How much do you know about species on Earth?
Quiz (1 point for each)
Your score: ___
1) Over _____ of species that have ever lived are now extinct.
 A. 10%  B. 50%  C. 99%
2) How many living species have been identified?
 A. .15% or so.  B. 15% or so.  C.95% or so.
3) How many mass extinctions have we suffered?
 A. 3  B. 4   C. 5
4) Scientists say that around _____ different species go extinct every day.
A.15 or so.  B. 25 or so.  C. 75 or so.

Predict
Look at the word cloud and predict what is talked about in the article.
 
Complete the structure.
 
Key:
 

II. Read for general information
 
Main idea: ___________________
Key：
A new map of undiscovered species was published with the goal of supporting biodiversity discovery and preservation across the globe.
III. Read for details
1. List the reasons for mapping unknown species.
    rapid global _________(environment) change;
    many species will ________ before we have ever learned about their _______(exist) and had the chance to consider their fate.
Key:
environmental
go extinct
existence

2. List the researchers' goal of mapping unknown species.
To help support biodiversity discovery and preservation across the globe.
 
3. How did the researchers map undiscovered life?
The map of undiscovered life is based on a model estimating where unknown species likely exist today, based on environmental, biological and sociological factors. (见注释)
4. What does the map show?
    The most abundant unknown animals among terrestrial vertebrates (陆地脊椎动物) are likely amphibians (两栖动物) and reptiles (爬行动物).
    The most undiscovered vertebrates – potentially 25 percent of all future discoveries – are expected to live in Brazil, Colombia, Madagascar and Indonesia.
What are they?
Where are they?
What should we do?
Stop deforestation (滥砍滥伐) 
to discover our biodiversity.

5. What is the significance of the new map?
It's a fascinating project that can motivate citizen scientists and biodiversity enthusiasts about the importance of species discovery and ignite (点燃) discussions and agreements from those responsible for decision-making and conservation planning.
 
IV. Post-reading
Mayday! 动物们都去哪儿了？
 最后一头雄性北白犀，于2018年3月死去。
 
爪哇犀牛，因为角具有极高的药用价值，遭到大量偷猎。现在只有大概四十只了。
 
远东豹，目前世界上仅有20只，随时都可能会灭绝。
 
密西西比河的地鼠蛙，一种罕见的特别小的青蛙，现在只有不到100只。
Discussion: 
What could we do to help them?
government
    (1) found natural reserves;
    (2) protect their habitat and do scientific research;
    (3) strengthen the legal supervision system;
    (4) stop trafficking of wild animals;
    (5) stop deforestation 
    ...
citizens
(1) respect life;
(2) don't purchase wild animal products;
(3) don’t eat wild animals;
(4) support efforts to stop trafficking of wild animals;
(5) support efforts to stop deforestation (滥砍滥伐); 
...
V. Language focus
sentence
“Conservative estimates suggest only 13 to 18 percent of all living species have been identified, although this number could be as low as 1.5 percent.” 
该句中although引导的是_________, 黄色部分为________，省略了引导词____, suggest意为________。  
Key:
让步状语从句
宾语从句
that
表明
释义：据保守估计，已被发现的物种只占所有现存物种的百分之十三到十八，这一数值甚至还可能低到1.5%。

suggest
词形变化 suggestion (n.) 建议
词块积累 suggest doing sth.
suggest that ... (should) do sth.

一词多义
建议，提议；（advise，propose）
表明，暗示；(indicate)
推荐；（recommend）
注意
1. 当suggest 表示“建议”时， 后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气；
   当suggest 表示“表明，暗示”时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
2. advise, suggest, propose 三者意义十分接近。但用法并不相同。

suggest doing sth.
suggest that ... (should) do sth.
advise doing sth.
advise sb to do sth.
advise that ... (should) do sth.
propose to do sth. 
即学即用
    Some classmates suggest that we go to places of interest nearby. (2016 全国 改错)
can 改为should，或者去掉can
    Bill suggested ________ (hold) a meeting on what to do during the vacation. (2009 上海 改编)
holding
    He came to my class every week, but his attitude _____ (表明) he was not really interested in the subject.
suggested
Find the following expressions in the article.
    重要的
    毫无疑问
    灭绝
    做……的机会
    把......归因于，欠......
    全球
    对......至关重要
    以……为基础
    被期望，有望
    允许某人做某事
    对……负责
Key:
    be of importance
    there is no doubt that ...
    go extinct
    the chance to do sth.
    owe...to...
    across the globe
    be crucial to 
    be based on
    be expected to do 
    allow sb. to do sth.
    be responsible for
即学即用
Translate:
毫无疑问，父母对孩子的成长至关重要。父母应该引导孩子。抓住每一个机会去帮助他们，但不是替代他们去做每一个决定。毕竟只有他们才能为自己的将来负责。如果有必要的话认真听取他们的话语，不要总是把他们的失败归结于不努力。
possible version:
There is no doubt that parents are crucial to children's growth. Parents are expected to guide their children. They should seize every chance to help their kids, but not make every decision for them. After all, children are ultimately the only ones responsible for their future. 
word family
existence (n.)------________------(v.)_________(adj.)
ignorance (n.)------__________(v.)
protection(n.)------________(v.)------________(adj.)
remain(s) (v.)------_________(adj.)------_________(n.)
imprecise (adj.)------________(反义词)
inexcusable (adj.)-------_________(反义词)------______(v./n.)
Key:
exist
existing
ignore
protect
protective
remaining
remains
precise
excusable
excuse
VI. Further information
The process of extinction
 
    The sixth one is on the way!
The causes of extinction
Natural causes
    Natural selection
    Geological changes
    Volcanic eruption
    …
Human causes
    Habitat loss
    Overexploitation
    Environmental pollution
    …
The consequences of extinction
    (1) reduce species diversity;
    (2) huge loss of biological gene bank;
    (3) destroy the ecological balance;
    (4) ...