第28/766期初二教案

作者：李玉华

Dirty air harms our farms (P6)

Pre-reading

What can we do to protect us on a hazy (雾霾) day?

What do you think animals do to protect themselves when the air is polluted?

 

Words about animals

fish

bird

reptile   爬行动物

insect    昆虫

mammal 哺乳动物

 

While reading

When the air is polluted we wear masks to protect our lungs (肺). What about bees and butterflies? They can’t wear masks.

New Scientist magazine recently reported findings from James Ryalls and his team at the University of Reading, UK. Their study found that air pollution is harmful (有害的) to pollinators (传花粉者) – insects like bees and butterflies. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.

what about/ how about （关于）……怎么样？

翻译：蜜蜂蝴蝶怎么办？

be harmful to 对……有害

练习：在太阳下读书对眼睛有害。

Reading in the sun is harmful to your eyes.

 

Pollinators are important. They spread pollen (花粉) among plants with flowers. This helps the flower produce seed and fruit. Without pollinators, farms cannot make food. We all need pollinators.

pollinators 授粉者,传粉者

A pollinator is something which pollinates or spreads pollen among plants with flowers, especially a type of insect.

 

To do their study, Ryalls’ team built eight areas. Then, they piped (吹送) nitrogen oxide (氧化氮) and ozone (臭氧) into six of these areas. The other two areas had normal air. They were the control group.

control group 对照组，控制组

experimental group 实验组

 

“The results were much more severe (严重的) than we thought,” said Ryalls. The levels of pollution in their tests were similar to “normal road traffic”. In such conditions, 70 percent fewer insects entered the area. Once they were there, they didn’t hang around. Visits to flowers decreased by up to 90 percent.

be similar to 与……相似  与……类似

翻译：实验中的污染水平和一般道路交通的污染水平相似。

练习：我的问题与你的问题类似。

My problem is similar to yours. 

up to 高达…

 

Scientists explained that gases like nitrogen oxide and ozone can break down the scents (气味) of flowers. This makes it hard for insects to find their food.

break down分解; 损坏;

make it adj. for …… to do… 使 做某事怎么样

翻译：这使昆虫很难找到他们的食物。

练习：你的帮助使我轻松地完成了任务。

Your help made it easy for me to finish my task.

 

Maybe the most frightening thing is that the researchers created pollution levels that were legal (合法的) in the UK. Shannon Olsson, a scientist in India, called the results “important” because they show that “safe” levels of pollution keep pollinators away.

keep ……  away v. 使……远离，驱走

翻译：……因为他们表明安全的污染水平驱走了传粉者。

 

“Air pollution is another stress on insects,” said Ryalls. “That adds to all the other stresses … causing their numbers to decline (减少).”

add to 增加，加强;

翻译：这增加了其他的压力，导致他们的数量减少。

练习：他们有助于增强你的表达能力。

They can add to your ability to express yourself.

 

Post-reading

What can we do to deal with air pollution?

What might happen if there were no pollinators ?

 

Practice

1. What problem may air pollution cause to pollinators?

A. They may have less food to eat.

B. They may eat more fruit and vegetables.

C. They can’t smell flowers, so they spread less pollen.

D. They may stop flowers giving out scents.

 

2. How did the scientists do the research?

A. They recorded insects’ activities on farms next to busy roads.

B. They brought clean air to places with severe air pollution.

C. They piped nitrogen oxide and ozone into eight areas.

D. They compared insect behavior in areas with polluted air and normal air.

 

3. What happened to pollinators in areas with air pollution?

A. They found food more easily.

B. They could not find each other.

C. They hung out more often.

D. They visited flowers less.

 

4. What does Paragraph 7 show?

A. Pollinators will only work in a “safe” environment.

B. Even  “safe” levels of pollution affect pollinators badly.

C. The law will have less control over air pollution.

D. An environment that is safe for insects is not safe for humans.

 

5. What is the experiment in the passage mainly about?

A. Stresses that insects are facing.

B. Different levels of air pollution in the UK.

C. The effects of air pollution on pollinating insects.

D. Causes of air pollution in big cities.

 

完成句子。

1. P____ is a serious problem, so we should take action to protect the environment.

2. Pollinators s _____ pollen (花粉) among plants with flowers.

3. The brothers are quite s_____ in appearance.

4. The new f_____ made by scientists surprised us all.

 

翻译句子。

1. Their study found that air pollution is harmful (有害的) to pollinators (传花粉者) – insects like bees and butterflies.

2. This helps the flower produce seeds and fruit.

1. 空气污染对健康有害。

2. 结果比我们想的更严重。

3. 你的帮助使我有可能得到一个宠物。

 

参考答案：

1. 本题为推断题。从第二段They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.可知由于污染，他们闻不到花香，所以授粉可能减少。所以C为正确选项。

2. 本题为推断题。从… they piped nitrogen oxide and ozone into six of these areas. The other two areas had normal air. They were the control group.可知，研究者设置了对照组和实验组。在六个区域吹送了氧化氮和臭氧，在两个区域只放置了普通的空气，以此来对比昆虫在不同区域的行为，所以D为正确选项。

3. 本题为信息提取题。根据第五段可知，Visits to flowers decreased by up to 90 percent. …可知，传粉者光顾植物的次数大幅度减少，故答案为选项D。

4. 本题为信息提取题。由... they show that “safe” levels of pollution keep pollinators away … 可知，他们表明安全的污染水平驱走了传粉者，故答案为选项D。

5. 本题为概括题。根据第二段可知，…Their study found that air pollution is harmful to pollinators …以及后面实验的实施可知，实验是关于空气污染对传粉昆虫的影响，答案为C。

 

完成句子。

1. pollution   2. spread   3. similar   4. findings

 

翻译句子。

1. 他们的研究发现空气污染对传花粉者（像蜜蜂和蝴蝶的昆虫）有害。

2. 这有助于花儿结籽或结果。

1. Air pollution is harmful to health.

2. The results were much more severe than we thought.

3. Your help made it possible for me to have a pet.